In flexible endoscopy the interior surfaces of the gastrointestinal, reproductive and respiratory tracts are assessed. The physician uses a flexible endoscope with a camera at the steerable distal tip that is introduced in the natural body openings. Instruments can be inserted in the endoscope. These protrude from the tip and enable performing interventions, like resection of small polyps. Curr...

We propose EndoScope, a software monitoring framework that allows users to pose declarative queries that monitor the state and performance of running programs. Unlike most existing monitoring tools, EndoScope is acquisitional, meaning that it only instruments the portions of the program that need to be monitored to answer queries. The use of a high level declarative language allows EndoScope to...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of endoscopic traversability in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.This retrospective study was based on medical records from a single tertiary medical center. The records of 317 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with surgery or definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) between January...

Optical coherence microscopy (OCM) combines coherence gating, high numerical aperture optics, and a fiber-core pinhole to provide high axial and lateral resolution with relatively large depth of imaging. We present a handheld rigid OCM endoscope designed for small animal surgical imaging, with a 6-mm diam tip, 1-mm scan width, and 1-mm imaging depth. X-Y scanning is performed distally with mirr...

Neoplasms of the pineal region comprise less than 2% of all intracranial lesions. A variety of techniques have been adapted to gain access to the pineal region. Classic approaches employ the use of the microscope. More recently, the endoscope has been utilized to improve access to such deep-seated lesions. A 62-year-old female presented with a heterogeneously enhancing lesion in the pineal regi...

benign and malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) of the pancreas and to determine their exact extent. Peroral pancreatoscopy including narrow-band imaging (NBI) is useful for the evaluation of these neoplasms [1,2], but it is technically difficult and requires two skilled endoscopists and endoscopic systems [3]. The ultraslim upper endoscope has been proposed for direct vis...

A 98-year-old woman with a medical history of cholecystectomy (12 years ago), partial gastrectomy (10 years ago), pacemaker implanted, and acute coronary syndrome was admitted to hospital for right upper quadrant colicky pain and moderate cholestasis (AST: 37 IU/L, ALT: 25 IU/L, ALP: 164 IU/L, GGT: 65 IU/L, total bilirubin: 0.7 mg/100). An abdominal ultrasound scan revealed an important dilatat...

ting diode (LED)-illuminated endoscopes and previously reported our preliminary experiments with the prototype LED endoscope in the beagle [1]. Authors in Nature noted that the white LEDs we employed have been used for illuminating paintings in fine art museums, as they emit white light with good color rendering and homogeneous light distribution [2, 3]. This supports the notion that these LEDs...

IN 1925, Dr. Kussmal in Germany constructed a device with a metallic tube containing a lens inside for observation of the interior of stomach. This was the first clinical use of an endoluminal scope (endoscope). However, since it was rigid, it was a great burden on the patient to have it introduced through the mouth into the stomach. On August 31, 1945, a big storm attacked Tokyo and surroundin...

With the increasing popularity of laparoscopic surgery, the demand for better modes of laparoscopic surgery also increases. The current laparoscopic surgery mode requires an assistant to hold and manipulate the endoscope through commands from the surgeon. However, during lengthy surgery procedures, accurate and on time adjustment of the camera cannot be guaranteed due to the fatigue and hand tr...