Neotyphodium lolii is a fungal endophyte that lives entirely within the intercellular spaces of its grass host, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Infection is symptomless and the endophyte relies on the host plant for dissemination via the seed. The association is mutually beneficial since the endophyte confers a number of biotic and abiotic advantages to the host. This paper will present...

Grasses have developed a wide range of morphological and physiological mechanisms to resist herbivory. For instance, they accumulate silicon (Si) in tissue, as physical defence, associate symbiotically with foliar Epichloë-endophytes that provide chemical defence via antiherbivore alkaloids. Recent evidence showed some increase Si forage grasses; however, whether this impacts insect herbivores ...

Despite their minute biomass, microbial symbionts of plants potentially alter herbivory, diversity and community structure. Infection of grasses by asexual endophytic fungi often decreases herbivore loads and alters arthropod diversity. However, most studies to date have involved agronomic grasses and often consider only infection status (infected vs. uninfected), without explicitly measuring e...

Human assisted plant invasions from Europe to North America have been more common than the reverse. We tested endophyte-mediated performance of tall fescue in parallel three year experiments in Europe and the USA using endophyte infected and uninfected wild and cultivated plants. Experimental plants were subjected to nutrient and water treatments. Whereas endophyte infection increased tall fesc...

Sirt7 Contributes to Myocardial Tissue Repair by Maintaining Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Pathway Satoshi Araki, MD, PhD; Yasuhiro Izumiya, MD, PhD; Taku Rokutanda, MD, PhD; Alessandro Ianni; Shinsuke Hanatani, MD, PhD; Yuichi Kimura, MD; Yoshiro Onoue, MD; Takafumi Senokuchi, MD, PhD; Tatsuya Yoshizawa, PhD; Osamu Yasuda, MD, PhD; Norimichi Koitabashi, MD, PhD; Masahiko Kurabayashi, ...

Abstract Argentine stem weevil adults (ASW, Listronotus bonariensis ) feed on the leaves of agricultural grasses and their larvae mine pseudostem, causing extensive damage that can result in plant death. Plants emit volatiles serve as signals to host-searching insects these odours be altered by both herbivory fungal endophyte-infection. This study investigated whether ASW utilise olfaction iden...

Understanding factors that affect the context dependency of species interactions has been identified as a critical research area in ecology. The presence of symbionts in host plants can be an important factor influencing the outcome of plant-insect interactions. Similarly, herbivore identity can alter the outcome of plant-symbiont interactions. Symbiotic foliar fungal endophytes confer resistan...

Tall fescue pastures cover extensive acreage in the eastern half of the United States and contribute to important ecosystem services, including the provisioning of forage for grazing livestock. Yet little is known concerning how these pastures will respond to climate change. Tall fescue's ability to persist and provide forage under a warmer and wetter environment, as is predicted for much of th...

Mutual relationship between pasture grasses and Neotyphodium fungal endophytes is of great importance in grass improvement. Two endophyte containing tall fescue genotypes (75 and 83) and their endophyte free ramets were used in this study. Endophytes were isolated from tall fescue genotypes 75 and 83 and used in three methods of inoculation including Latch and Christensen approach, insertion of...