INTRODUCTION Invasive procedures including loop electrosurgical excision, cervical conization, and endometrial sampling are often recommended when atypical glandular cells (AGC) are detected on Pap smear with unsatisfactory colposcopy. These invasive procedures may result in patient anxiety, increased medical expense, and increasing the risk of preterm delivery in subsequent pregnancies. This s...

INTRODUCTION Invasive as well as non-invasive methods are available for assessment of the endometrium. AIMS The purpose of this clinical guide is to provide evidence-based advice on endometrial assessment in peri and postmenopausal women. MATERIAL AND METHODS Literature review and consensus of expert opinion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Presuming speculum examination and cervical cytology are...

The recent years have seen medical science and technology expand by leaps and bounds. We have shifted focus from correction of the problem to prevention of the problem. Abnormal uterine bleeding is an important cause of ill health in perimenopausal women.In the perimenopausal years, there is an increase in the incidence of bleeding irregularities. This is because of an increase in the prevalenc...

background: according to age, history and physical examination findings, there are different diagnoses including anatomic lesions for abnormal uterine bleeding (aub). in these conditions, hysteroscopy can be performed as a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. objective: the aim of this study was defining the diagnostic value of hysteroscopy in evaluating uterine cavity in patients with aub com...

Narrow band imaging (NBI) has been used in the gastrointestinal endoscopy field as a novel endoscopic imaging technique and has contributed to improved qualitative diagnosis and detection of lesions. However, there are only a few studies of use of NBI in the gynecology field. We applied NBI in flexible hysteroscopy at our outpatient clinic and evaluated the utility of NBI hysteroscopy for diagn...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression in the glandular epithelium and stroma of benign and malignant endometrial polyps of postmenopausal patients. A total of 1,050 females underwent surgical hysteroscopy at the Professor Dr José Aristodemo Pinotti Women's Hospital, Center for Integral Attention to Women's Health of the Sta...

Progestins are successfully used in the treatment of endometriosis; however, the exact mechanisms of their action are still unsolved. We here focused on the effect of different progestins on parameters of extracellular matrix degradation and angiogenesis involved in the establishment and maintenance of ectopic endometrial lesions. Human endometrium was intraperitoneally transplanted into nude m...

Molecular profiling of endometrial neoplasms reveals genetic changes in endometrial carcinomas that support the dualistic model, in which type I carcinomas are estrogen-dependent, low grade lesions and type II carcinomas are nonestrogen dependent and high grade. The molecular changes in type I endometrial carcinomas include mutations in PTEN, PIK3CA, KRAS, and beta-catenin, along with microsate...

Vascular malformations of uterus are extremely rare, benign lesions. A survey the literature identified fewer than 50 cases hemangioma uterus. Here, we describe a rare case cavernous hemangiomatous polyp in 36 years old non pregnant wowan with endometrial polypectomy. vascular lesions localized to portion may be clinically silent during pregnancy and throughout delivery thus making it difficult...

Large pelvic cysts are commonly seen in gynecologic practice; their heterogeneous origin is reflected in their pleomorphic clinical features. We report the case of a 64-year-old multiparous postmenopausal woman with an unusual manifestation of endometrial adenocarcinoma that presented as hematometra mimicking a large pelvic cyst. In this case, hematometra was well demonstrated by transabdominal...