T his paper examines the effect of factors on the development of commercial banking in Iraq. Seven factors used as determinates for financial depth which are per capita GDP, inflation rate, government budget deficit, share of state-owned banks of total assets as proxy of financial repression, oil sector domination, international trade openness and political stability as explanatory v...

this paper using endogenous growth models based on research and development, has investigated two economic relations in three groups of countries included developed countries, developing countries and a mixed group of both mentioned ones. at first, the effects of r&d; activities on patent growth have examined and then the relation between volume of patent and growth rate in these groups has sur...

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are very likely footprints of ancient germ-cell infections. HERV sequences encompass about 1% of the human genome. HERVs have retained the potential of other retroelements to retrotranspose and thus to change genomic structure and function. The genomes of almost all HERV families are highly defective. Recent progress has allowed the identification of the bi...

Gases such as NO and CO play important roles both in normal physiology and in disease. In recent years, interest has been directed towards other naturally occurring gases, notably H 2 S, which is produced in body by three enzymes namely CBS (cystathionine beta synthase), CSE (cystathionine gamma lyase) and MST (3-Mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase), present in mitochondria and/or cytosols where...