Two endocrine disorders, congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), when untreated, can have devastating, irreversible fatal outcomes. Permanent cognitive impairment, growth failure dysmorphic appearance are seen in early infant death males with salt wasting CAH (as most females discovered by presence of atypical genital appearance, while appeared normal). Newborn screening (...

Normal endocrine function is essential for cardiovascular health. Disorders of the endocrine system, consisting of hormone hyperfunction and hypofunction, have multiple effects on the cardiovascular system. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of disorders of the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands, with respect to the impact of endocrine dysfun...