Constant use of treated wastewater (TWW) for irrigation over prolonged periods may cause buildup of heavy metals up to toxic levels for plants and animals, and entails environmental hazards in different aspects. However, application of TWW on agricultural land might be an effective and sustainable strategy in arid and semi-arid countries where fresh water resources are under great pressure, as ...

Background: Water in any form is the prime constitute of plant growth and development. Right amount water applied at right time quantity to crop will helpful get maximum yield potential that crop. This possible with surface drip irrigation method. Uniform application through emitters necessary aspect avail benefits like higher use efficiency irrigation. Uniformity system can be measured by vari...

COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS From the dawn of civilization until slightly over a century ago, the sole form of irrigation was subsurface. Water was allowed to enter a planted field, and then drained. From Mesopotamia to the Nile Valley to the plains of India, food supplies were irrigated by drainage ditches and natural flooding. Surface water from accumulated rain or snow was the only water source. ...

The loss of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) as a postplant nematicide created a serious void in nematode protection for crops nationwide. An acceptable replacement for DBCP is needed, especially on susceptible perennials such as grapes, Vitis vinifera L. Phases of our postplant nematicide research were conducted in commercial vineyards where nematode disease existed on established vines wate...

We evaluated the consumption of duckweed (Lemna minor, Linnaeus) by juvenile Blue Tilapia (Oreochromis aureus, Steindachner) through 48 hour indoor tank feeding trials. Feeding trials consisted of 5 tanks (4 treatment, 1 control). Tanks were stocked with 25 g of fresh duckweed at the initiation of each feeding trial. Designated treatment tanks were also stocked with 1 tilapia per tank. At the e...

in this study, hydraulic properties of low pressure drip irrigation systems were studied under laboratory conditions and using of the pipes that exist in iran. therefore, effect of various heads from 0.45 to 1.8m was evaluated for lateral pipe with outside diameter 32mm and length of 16, 30, 60 and also the lateral pipe with length 16 and outside diameter of 16, 20, 25 and 32mm, on hydraulic ch...

In a field experiment the effects of irrigation with saline drainage water (seasonal average of 4.5 dS/m) and non-saline water (0.55 dS/m) applied by two different water management strategies (cyclic or blended saline water with non-saline water in different ratios) and two different irrigation methods (drip or furrow) were studied on growth and productivity of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum M...

Abstract Drip irrigation is an system that can save water by releasing a regulated amount of and nutrients to the roots plants using emitters. The use emitters one additional costs in drip systems. Estimating potential fronds as are done measuring saturated hydraulic conductivity. method used falling head determine ability emitter material made from sago pass be meet needs chili plants. results...