this study aims to evaluate effects of two downscaling methods; change-factor and statistical downscaling on therunoff of the azam-harat river located at yazd province (with an arid climate) of iran, under the a2 emission scenariofor the period of 2010-2039. for this purpose, cgcm3-ar4 model; a rainfall-runoff conceptual model, ihacres; twodownscaling models, change factor and lars-wg were appl...

Almond harvest accounts for a significant amount of PM10 emissions in California each harvest season. This paper addresses the adjustment of sweeper depth and its effect on PM10 emissions from sweeping and pickup operations. Ambient total suspended particulate (TSP) and PM10 sampling was conducted during harvest with alternating control (proper sweeper setting) and experimental treatment (sweep...

We present quantum Maxwell-Bloch equations (QMBE) for spatially inhomogeneous optical semiconductor devices taking into account the quantum noise effects which cause spontaneous emission and amplified emission. Analytical expressions derived from the QMBE are presented for the spontaneous emission factor β and the far field pattern of amplified spontaneous emission in broad area quantum well la...

Economic load dispatch (ELD) and economic emission dispatch (CEED) have been applied to obtain optimal fuel cost and optimal emission of generating units, respectively. Combined economic emission dispatch (CEED) problem is obtained by considering both the economy and emission objectives. This biobjective CEED problem is converted into a single objective function using a price penalty factor app...

The spontaneous-emission factor in an unstable-resonator semiconductor laser is enhanced by more than 2 orders of magnitude compared with that of a Fabry-Perot semiconductor laser having the same volume. A clear linkage has been observed among the spontaneous-emission factor, the waveguiding property, and the width of the lasing spectral envelope.