Flight and emergence of the redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff, were monitored from March 2011 through August 2012 using Lindgren funnel traps baited with manuka oil and emergence traps attached over individual beetle galleries on infested redbay (Persea borbonia (L.) Sprengel) trees. Of the 432 gallery entrances covered with emergence traps, 235 (54.4%) successfully produced ...

Predictions of emergent phenomena, appearing on the macroscopic layer a complex system, can fail if they are made by microscopic model. This study demonstrates and analyses this claim well-known Conway’s Game Life. Straightforward mean-field models easily capable predicting such properties after have been fitted to simulation data in an after-the-fact way. Thus, these predictions macro-to-macro...

pauesia antennata mukerji (hymenoptera, braconidae) as the unique parasitoid of the giant brown peach aphid, pterochloroides persiace cholodkovsky (hemiptera, aphididae) is considered to be the most effective biological control agent of this pest. in this study, the assessment of selected biological parameters of p. antennata demonstrated that the longevity of mature parasitoid was 3.90 ± 0.22,...

Sex allocation theory describes how parents should bias investment in either sons or daughters when each gives a different fitness return. Over the past decades, social Hymenoptera have increasingly been used as models for testing the predictions of sex ratio theory. Their haplodiploid sex determining system gives mothers considerable control over the proportion of each offspring sex by selecti...

Synthetic and botanical insecticides can have a profound effect on the developmental period, growth, adult emergence, fecundity, fertility, and egg hatch, resulting in effective control at sub-lethal concentrations. This paper investigated sub-lethal concentrations of fenitrothion, lambda-cyhalothrin, and Callitris glaucophylla Joy Thomps. & L.P. Johnson (Cupressaceae) extract to characterize t...

Knock research is an essential study because knock limits spark-ignition (SI) engine power output, durability, noise, fuel consumption, and emission performance. The thermal efficiency of can be improved by increasing the compression ratio, but at same time it leads to possibility end gas autoignition inside chamber. objective this work was show effect three different ratios (CRs) 8.5, 9.5, 10....

this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of mandatory of self-fertilization on morphological and agronomic traits of orchad grass. three populations including self-fertilization, open pollination and parental genotypes (each consisted of 25 genotype of orchad grass) were evaluated using a split plot experiment according to a randomized complete block design. significant differences were ...

We present a detailed investigation of the dynamical behavior of emerging magnetic flux using 3dimensional MHD numerical simulation. A magnetic flux tube with a lefthanded twist, initially placed below the photosphere, emerges into the solar atmosphere. This leads to a dynamical expansion of emerging field lines as well as an injection of magnetic energy and magnetic helicity into the atmospher...

In this research effects of active toothed coulter on planter penetration in semi-dried soils covered with previous wheat (Triticum aestivum) residue was studied. Therefore, effects of three levels of speed ratio (coulter peripheral speed/tractor forward speed; 1.22, 2, 3) at two previous residue levels (baled and non-baled) and two modes of planter attachment (with and without row cleaner) on ...