Today, using computers is a daily thing for many people over the world. We use computers to for example communicate, read news, search for sport-events, correspond with e-mail, participate in meetings, and download the latest polyphonic ring tones for our mobile phones. This digital world is often distinguished from the outside world, or the physical world. Feeding the digital world with inform...

Precast concrete structures in Iran are generally designed as continuous columns with hinged beams, thereby making them simple frames. In this system in site show walls in two directions of buildings guaranteed lateral resisting system. However, in order to obtain a seismic resisting frame, the connection between beam and column should be moment resisting and ductile, allowing the formation of ...