Ribosomes elongate at a nonuniform rate during translation. Theoretical models and experiments disagree on the in vivo determinants of elongation rate and the mechanism by which elongation rate affects protein levels. To resolve this conflict, we measured transcriptome-wide ribosome occupancy under multiple conditions and used it to formulate a whole-cell model of translation in E. coli. Our mo...

C of pre-mRNA splicing is a critical part of the eukaryotic gene expression process. Extensive evidence indicates that transcription and splicing are spatiotemporally coordinated and that most splicing events occur co-transcriptionally. A kinetic coupling model has been proposed in metazoans to describe how changing RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) elongation rate can impact which alternative splice ...

Gene translation is a central stage in the intra-cellular process of protein synthesis. Gene translation proceeds in three major stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. During the elongation step ribosomes (intra cellular macro-molecules) link amino acids together in the order specified by messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules. The homogeneous ribosome flow model (HRFM) is a mathematical mode...

Synthesis of the fiber protein of human adenovirus serotype 2 (Ad2) is 100-fold lower in abortively infected monkey cells, compared with productive infections, despite only a 5- to 10-fold reduction in fiber mRNA levels. Previously Anderson and Klessig (Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA 81:4023-4027, 1984) demonstrated a direct correlation between the productive nature of the infection, efficient synth...

in order to study the effect of planting date on duration of phenological periods in wheat cultivars, a randomized compelet block design experiment with four replications was conducted in gorgan university of agricultural science and natural resources research station. the factors were eight sowing dates (14 december, 20 january, 18 february, 20 march, 16 april, 21 may, 30 july and 6 august) an...

We have examined the relationship between tension, an intrinsic stimulator of axonal elongation, and the culture substrate, an extrinsic regulator of axonal elongation. Chick sensory neurons were cultured on three substrata: (a) plain tissue culture plastic; (b) plastic treated with collagen type IV; and (c) plastic treated with laminin. Calibrated glass needles were used to increase the tensio...

Leaf growth and Anthesis-Silking Interval (ASI) are the main determinants of source and sink strengths of maize via their relations with light interception and yield, respectively. They depend on the abilities of leaves and silks to expand under fluctuating environmental conditions, so the possibility is raised that they may have a partly common genetic determinism. This possibility was tested ...

The rate of in vivo transcription elongation for Escherichia coli rRNA operons was determined by electron microscopy following addition of rifampin to log-phase cultures. Direct observation of RNA polymerase positions along rRNA operons 30, 40, and 70 s after inhibition of transcription initiation yielded a transcription elongation rate of 42 nucleotides per s.

Formin homology proteins (formins) are actin nucleation factors which remain bound to the growing barbed end and processively elongate actin filament (F-actin). Recently, we have demonstrated that a mammalian formin mDia1 rotates along the long-pitch helix of F-actin during processive elongation (helical rotation) by single-molecule fluorescence polarization. We have also shown processive depol...