The coupled fluid-flow and stress model with time-dependent effect is developed. In this model, rock mass is simulated as a homogeneous and isotropic dual-porosity, dual-permeability continuum. Darcy’s law is used to describe the fluid flow in a porous medium, and cubic law is used to describe the flow in fractures. The finite element method is introduced to solve the system, and the effects of...

With the high demand for improved signal link quality in ad hoc networks, devices configured with omnidirectional antennas can no longer meet the growing needs in throughput performance, and alternative approaches using antenna arrays that provide directional radiation patterns are sought. This study models an 8-element linear antenna array and examines the effects of interelement spacing of th...

Drilling and blasting have numerous applications in the civil and mining engineering. Due to the two major components of rock masses, namely the intact rock matrix and the discontinuities, their behavior is a complicated process to be analyzed. The purpose of this work is to investigate the effects of the geomechanical and geometrical parameters of rock and discontinuities on the rock mass blas...

Circular antenna array design is one of the most important electromagnetic optimization problems of current interest. The problem of designing a large multiple concentric planar thinned circular ring arrays of uniformly excited isotropic antennas is considered in this paper. This antenna must generate a pencil beam pattern in the vertical plane along with minimized side lobe level (SLL). In thi...

Constitutive and inducible transcription of the major histocompatibility class II HLA-DRA gene involves the upstream S element and the conserved X and Y elements. In this report we have addressed the roles of spatial constraints and stereospecific alignment between the upstream S and X elements, and the X and Y elements, in both constitutive and interferon-gamma (gamma-IFN)-induced expression. ...

The Xenopus TFIIIA gene is transcribed very efficiently in oocytes. In addition to a TATA element at -30, we show that from -425 to +7 the TFIIIA gene contains only two positive cis elements centered at -267 (element 1) and -230 (element 2). This arrangement of the cis elements in the TFIIIA gene is striking because these two elements are positioned very close to each other yet separated from t...

The methods of arranging frame spacing are explored for reducing the vibration a cylindrical shell. According to principle that an aperiodic structures will produce irregular reflections on structural waves, resulting in attenuation, two adopted: periodic and random spacing. Using methods, frames shell models arranged, then, using finite element method (FEM), response shells is calculated compa...

Atrial fibrillation (AFIB) is a common clinical problem affecting approximately 0.5-1% of the United States population. Radio-frequency (RF) multielectrode catheter (MEC) ablation has successes in curing AFIB. We utilized finite-element method analysis to determine the myocardial temperature distribution after 30 s, 80 degrees C temperature-controlled unipolar ablation using three 7F 12.5-mm el...

We quantified and compared the effect of element spacing on contour integration between the achromatic (Ach), red-green (RG), and blue-yellow (BY) mechanisms. The task requires the linking of orientation across space to detect a contour in a stimulus composed of randomly oriented Gabor elements (1.5 cpd, sigma = 0.17 deg), measured using a temporal 2AFC method. A contour of ten elements was pas...