It has been suggested that the adoption of Internet technologies by SMEs follows an ordered sequence of stages and staged models to describe it. These models postulate that businesses move in stages from basic use of the Internet to the full integration of business systems and redesign of business processes. The European Union and the UK government appear to believe in such models and have used...

in the explosive growth of business to business (b2b) electronic trades, electronic markets have received a great deal of attention recently. the obtained profit of trading in e-b2b market encourage market participants to remain in the market. market participants consist of: sellers, buyers, and market owner. in this paper the expected profit function for each market participant has been define...

The modern economy and the future wealth and prosperity of industry and commerce rely increasingly on the exchange of data and information , in electronic form, between business partners. The speed and reliability of the information exchanged coupled with the spread in the distributed use and application of IT are increasingly affecting the competitiveness of businesses and international trade....

The overall change in computing from manipulation to delegation was already predicted in the mid-90s but hitherto remains a bold vision. Although software agents have the potential of fully automating processes, real world agent-based applications are very limited in number. Even in the case of electronic markets software agents are rarely employed, albeit they can act as autonomous representat...

Today’s financial electronic markets are a result of the remarkable development in information technology during the last years. With the growth of electronization in financial markets and the establishment of new electronic trading services the design of the market structure moved in the focus of interest. Design decisions determine the market microstructure, influencing trading patterns and i...

However, technological advances have recently altered the way foreign exchange dealer conduct their business. Bilateral deals still happen, although email conversations are now the norm (typically using the Reuters D2000-1 dealing system). The brokers market has also been revolutionized by the introduction of two electronic broking systems (Reuters D2000-2 and Electronic Broking Services [EBS])...

While the number of electronic marketplaces has increased on the Internet, tools to help buyers in participating in these marketplaces (heterogeneous marketplaces) are lacking. As part of the European Union funded eBroker project on electronic marketplaces, we attempt to address this problem by developing tools that help buyers in trading in these electronic marketplaces. This paper addresses t...

We assemble the dates of announcement and actual introduction of electronic trading by the leading exchange of 120 countries to examine the long term and medium term impact of automation. Estimates from dividend growth model as well as international CAPM suggest a significant decline in expected returns after the introduction of electronic trading in the world’s equity markets, especially in th...

This paper introduces the concept of an electronic trade scenario as a potential solution to "open" electronic commerce -trade among parties that have no prior trading relationship. The basic idea is that these trade scenarios would be stored in a publicly accessible electronic l ibrary (perhaps a "global repository" maintained by an independent international organization), and downloaded loade...

To place an order under this method, the customer calls a broker, who time-stamps the order and prepares an office order ticket. The broker then sends the order to a booth on the exchange floor. There, a floor order ticket is prepared, and a clerk hand delivers the order to the floor trader for execution. In some cases, the floor clerk may use hand signals to convey the order to floor traders. ...