BACKGROUND Cellular respiration is the process by which cells obtain energy from glucose and is a very important biological process in living cell. As cells do cellular respiration, they need a pathway to store and transport electrons, the electron transport chain. The function of the electron transport chain is to produce a trans-membrane proton electrochemical gradient as a result of oxidatio...

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) serve as a new class of ‘zero dimensional’ nanomaterial’s in thecarbon class with sizes below 10 nm. As light emitting nanocrystals, QDs are assembled from semiconductormaterials, from the elements in the periodic groups of II-VI, III-V or IV-VI, mainly thanks to impacts of quantum confinement QDs have unique optical properties such as brighter, highly pho...

Under field conditions atrazine inhibits C 0 2 fixation but the electron flow seems to be hindered partly only. The remaining capacity of the electron transport chain produces not used reducing electrons. The consequence should be a destructiv photooxidation. T his process however is sup­ pressed by photorespiration. When all possible substrats including stored carbohydrates are m etab­ olized ...