It is possible to directly generate electricity using bacteria while accomplishing wastewater treatment in processes based on microbial fuel cell technologies. When bacteria oxidize a substrate, they remove electrons. Current generation is made possible by keeping bacteria separated from oxygen, but allowing the bacteria growing on an anode to transfer electrons to the counter electrode (cathod...

An essential element in a future UK low-carbon energy system will be electricity infrastructure that can facilitate more flexible demand, the balancing of variable renewable generation, and the incorporation of local small-scale technologies such as solar PV, and new technologies such as electric vehicles (e.g. ENSG 2009, DECC 2009, Cary 2010). Such ‘smart’ grid infrastructure will need to inco...

Introduction: the stakes involved in the development of distributed generation Historically, electricity systems have been made up of small local networks gradually becoming incorporated to benefit from the diversity of demand and the economies of scale in electricity generation that are possible with large interconnected systems. Today, this logic would seem to have certain limits, now that th...

Smart grid integrates advanced sensing technologies, control methodologies, and communication technologies into current electricity grid at transmission and distribution levels in order to supply electricity in a smart, user friendly way. Smart grid encourages integration of renewable energy sources, distributed generation, and plug-in hybrid and electric vehicles in distributed power systems, ...

World wide the electricity industry is undergoing a substantial process of restructuring, with an emphasis on the introduction of competition in the generation sector. Competition is ostensibly going to lead to better incentives, both in the use of existing resources and in future investment decisions. One of the main drivers of this new environment will be the increased opportunity for energy ...

The electricity grid has to respond to large power variations in relatively short periods of time. This behavior causes an inefficiency operation and design of the electricity system. The Demand Side-Management techniques are used to modify the power demand, reducing or smoothing its shape. Moreover, the electricity grid is a very huge system composed for millions of devices. There are problems...

In Copenhagen climate conference China government promised that China would cut down carbon intensity 40e45% from 2005 by 2020. CET (carbon emissions trading) is an effective tool to reduce emissions. But because CET is not fully implemented in China up to now, how to design it and its potential impact are unknown to us. This paper studies the potential impact of introduction of CET on China’s ...

In this study, thermodynamic and economic analysis of a photovoltaic electricity generation system (PVEGS) with and without self-cleaning panels is reported. In the first part, thermodynamic analyses are used to characterize the performance of the system. In the second part, the economic comparison of photovoltaic electricity generation with and without self-cleaning panels is carried out for a...

All power generation technologies leave their particular imprint on the power system that they belong to. Wind and solar power have only recently reached significant levels of penetration in some countries, but they are expected to grow much during the next few decades, and contribute substantially to meeting future electricity demand, see e.g. European Commission (2011). Wind, photovoltaic (PV...