Double-layer and hydration interactions have been coupled into a single set of equations because both are dependent on the polarization of the water molecules. The coupled equations involve the electric fields generated by the surface charge and surface dipoles, as well as the field due to the neighboring dipoles in water. The dipoles on the surface are generated through the counterions' bindin...

When a sinusoidal ~ac! field is applied to a suspension containing nonlinear dielectric particles, the electrical response will generally consist of ac fields at frequencies of the higher-order harmonics. The situation is further complicated by an intrinsic dielectric dispersion, which often occurs due to the surface conductivity or inhomogeneous structure of the particles. We develop a perturb...

Current oscillations at about 24 MHz were observed during electrotransformation (ET) of the thermophilic anaerobes Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405, C. thermocellum DSM 1313, and Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum YS 485, using a pulse gated by a square signal generated by a custom generator. In experiments in which only the field strength was varied, all three of these strains resulted i...

When a sinusoidal (ac) field is applied to a suspension containing nonlinear dielectric particles, the electrical response will generally consist of ac fields at frequencies of the higher-order harmonics. The situation is further complicated by an intrinsic dielectric dispersion which often occurs due to the surface conductivity or inhomogeneous structure of the particles. We perform a perturba...

It has been demonstrated that adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is actively secreted by cells, thereby eliciting Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction cascades in an autocrine and paracrine manner. In the present study the effects of direct current (DC) electrical fields on ATP release, the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration [Ca(2+)](i) and growth of multicellular prostate tumor spheroids were inv...

naturally occurred soil deposits inherit heterogeneity and anisotropy in their strength properties. the main purpose of this paper is to model the soil stratum with anisotropy consideration and spatially varying undrained shear strength by using random field theory coupled with finite difference numerical analysis to evaluate their effect on the bearing capacity of the shallow foundations. in t...

We present a preliminary experimental study of electrical conductivity imaging using an 11T Magnetic Resonance Electrical Impedance Tomography (MREIT) system. The primary goal was to evaluate the noise level in measured magnetic flux density data subject to an injection current. We found that the noise level from the 11T system is about 0.2nT whereas it is about 1.4nT using a 3T system. MREIT c...

The electric field in water required to stun trout is investigated experimentally. The results show how the electric field depends on water conductivity. The electric fields in water required to generate permanent insensibility in trout following exposure durations of 15, 30 and 60 s are identified. A mathematical model of the electric field in the stunning tank is constructed and shown to prod...

Flexural transducers are well suited for power emission in fluids, thanks to their low mechanical impedance. Their performance is nevertheless compromised by the occurrence of non-linearities stemming from high-deflection andlor high electric field. This experimental work catalogs typical alterations of the transducers' dynamics resulting specifically from high electrical field non-linearities....

It is shown that the field strength formulated Yang-Mills theory yields the same semiclassics as the standard formulation in terms of the gauge potential. This concerns the classical instanton solutions as well as the quantum fluctuations around the instanton. 1 Supported by DFG under contract Re 856/1 − 1 1 1. Introduction Yang-Mills (YM) theories can be reformulated entirely in terms of field...