This work provides a critical assessment of electric effects on the microstructure evolution at heat-affected zone in arc welding. Electric are interactions between electromagnetic fields and materials’ microstructures. They differ from effect Joule heating by providing an alternative contribution to nucleation, grain growth, recrystallisation tempering. The influence size, defects, anisotropic...

Welding work is associated with the inhalation of fumes and accumulation of particulates in welders' lungs. It is assumed that particulates deposited in the respiratory system, mainly consisting of iron oxides, are eliminated by several mechanisms, such as muco-ciliary transport and macrophage phagocytosis. In their cross-sectional study of 42 Finnish shipyard arc welders, Kalliomäki et al. ind...

The health monitoring of structural joints is a major concern of the engineering community and needs to be addressed with the proper consideration. Among joining techniques, the spot welding and weld-bonding (spot weld + adhesive bonding) methods are of great interest in a number of industries. Spot welding is the traditional assembly method for steel-based automotive structures, while weld-bon...

The welding process is used by many manufacture companies and due to this wide application many studies have been carried out in order to improve the quality and to reduce the cost of welded components. Part of the overheads is employed in final inspection, which begins with visual inspection, followed by destructive and nondestructive testing techniques. In addition to cost raise, final inspec...

Epidemiological studies of cancer incidence among welders disclose a pooled total of 146 cases of leukemia observed versus 159.46 expected, a risk ratio of 0.92, and 40 cases of acute leukemia observed versus 43.39 expected, a risk ratio of 0.92. For respiratory tract cancer, the pooled total is 1789 cases observed versus 1290.7 expected, a risk ratio of 1.39. Most electric welders are exposed ...