Various properties of open strings in external constant E.M. fields are reviewed. In particular, the charged-particle pair production rate in an external electric field is evaluated, and shown to reduce to Schwinger’s formula in the limit of low-intensity fields. Open strings in external magnetic fields are shown to undergo an infinite number of phase transitions as the strenght of the field in...

The droplet coalescence process was investigated in immiscible polymer blends when subjected to a step electric field. We present sequential three-dimensional images captured during the process with a confocal scanning laser microscope. Characteristic lengths parallel and perpendicular to the electric field were obtained from the spatial correlation functions of the images. It was found that th...

We use the quantum threshold laws combined with a classical capture model to provide an analytical estimate of the chemical quenching cross sections and rate coefficients of two colliding particles at ultralow temperatures. We apply this quantum threshold model (QT model) to indistinguishable fermionic polar molecules in an electric field. At ultracold temperatures and in weak electric fields, ...

In this work, we examine the energy release rate and the J-integral of an electrically insulated crack in a piezoelectric solid under remotely uniform electrical/mechanical loads. We model the crack as a slender elliptical flaw to take into account the electric field inside the crack and obtain the exact and explicit solution. The analytic results show that the energy release rate, in general, ...

We use a glass-based microfluidic device to study the electric current behavior of an electrospray process in the presence of a coflowing liquid. The current shows strong voltage dependence and weak flow rate dependence, in stark contrast to classical electrospray. By considering that the current is dominated by convection near the apex of the conical meniscus and driven by tangential electric ...

Fourteen anaesthetized patients undergoing electro-convulsion therapy on one or more occasions were studied. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline levels were measured before, during and after the electric shock. With the electric shock, blood pressure and heart rate rose and adrenaline and noradrenaline levels in plasma increased steeply. Th...

Electro Discharge Machining (EDM) is a noticeable machining practice among created unconventional machining procedures for intricate, complex profiles in "hard to machine" materials, similar to heat-treated steels, composites, superalloys, ceramics, composites, carbides, and so on. In EDM, the material expulsion of the cathode is accomplished through precise controlled electric discharge (the s...

To understand the evolution of sexually dimorphic communication signals, we must quantify their costs, including their energetic costs, the regulation of these costs, and the difference between the costs for the sexes. Here, we provide the first direct measurements of the relative energy expended on electric signals and show for the focal species Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus that males spend a...