Methods to solve natural gas loadflow problems using electric loadflow techniques are presented. The motivation is to integrate a natural gas network with an electric power transmission network so that the network analysis for a combined natural gas and electric power distribution network can be performed in a consistent manner. The issues arising from solving gas loadflow problems are discusse...

transmission network expansion planning (tnep) is an important component of power system planning. itdetermines the characteristics and performance of the future electric power network and influences the powersystem operation directly. different methods have been proposed for the solution of the static transmissionnetwork expansion planning (stnep) problem till now. but in all of them, stnep pr...

Asthma is associated with increased levels of eosinophils in tissues, body fluids, and bone marrow. Elevated levels of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) have been noted in asthma patients. Higher levels of EDN and ECP are also associated with exacerbated asthmatic conditions. Thus, EDN, along with ECP, may aid the diagnosis and monitoring of asthma. Sever...

Increased electric energy consumption in recent years, associated economic problems, reduced reliability and increased power losses in electric networks. One of the main solutions in smart grids to overcome the mentioned problems is demand response programs. In demand response programs, operators apply time-varying tariffs to consumers, and convince them to change their consumption pattern. Amo...

The proliferation of distributed energy resources (DERs) in electric distribution networks brings both challenges and opportunities to the management of the electric grid. In the right locations these resources can provide value to the network by reducing congestion and losses and deferring investment in network upgrades. To unlock this value, however, more efficient economic signals need to be...

Regarding the nature of non-linear discrete placement, and in order to determine the optimal capacity of the substation, the goal in the present study will be a number of local optimum points. In this research, the problem of optimal placement posts to reduce power losses by considering Distributed Generation (DG). In formulating the objective function, geographical distribution density in the ...

OBJECTIVE To determine the correlation of EDN with lung function tests (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75%) in asthmatics and to compare these with matched controls. METHODS This study was carried out at Army Medical College & Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Forty four asthmatic patients and equal number of matching controls were selected. Lung function tests were done by using compac...