in great achaemenian empire different writings and languages have been used in diverse areas of the achaemenian dominion for doing administrative-economic activities in administrative system. persepolis fortification archive in the empire’s center, belonging to the 13 to 28 years of darius the great’ reign, can be distinguished as the greatest and most important achaemenid multilingual administ...

in this paper, the evidences and remnants of archaeometallurgical activities in elamite site of haft tappeh (14th century bc) have investigated and identification of archaeometallurgical materials have been done based on analytical investigations. sem-eds analysis and metallography were used to identify the chemical composition and microstructural features of archaeometallurgical materials in h...

The Ramhormoz region in south and southwest Iran its large-scale geography extends to the northern highlands of present-day modern Khuzestan. Despite significance for connection with Susa-Persopolis Road during Achaemenid period, did not attract archaeological attention until 1948s. Even brevity, results 1969 Wright-Carter survey showed that is promising shedding light on relation between lowla...

In this study, the political relationship between Mesopotamia and Elam in third millennium BC has been dwelled on Elam’s history aimed to be enlightened. subject period, two dynasties, named respectively Awan Šimaški, have become prominent politically Elam. However, here, almost contemporary with Third Dynasty of Ur, Šimaški out scope, process when Elam's first appearance history, from 27th cen...

the hoard of kalmakarreh includes hundreds of golden and silver wares that were incidentally discovered by a local hunter in 1987 at a northwest 20 kilometer distance to pol-e dokhtar in province of lorestan. the collection includes a variety of dishes, raytheon, human and animal sculptures, masks, plaques, jewelry,… that belongs to the neo- elamite (first millennium bc). this research led to t...

Prehistoric archaeological sites in the center of the Iranian Plateau suddenly disappeared around the end of the 4th millennium BCE. At Tepe Sialk, near Kashan, the last cultural period, namely Sialk IV - probably established around 3400 BCE after the last settlements of Sialk III6-7b - was abandoned approximately after 500 years. The material culture of this period, known as Proto-Elamite peri...