نتایج جستجو برای: either in short run or long runjel classification e62
تعداد نتایج: 17378259 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Real exchange rate misalignment means that the real exchange rate deviates from its equilibrium level and is the cause of many domestic and global economic problems. This index is considered as an important indicator in foreign competition and in case of adopting an inappropriate exchange rate regime; it may create economic instability and affect economic performance. This issue is important in...
This study attempts to investigate the effect of oil returns and external debt on the government expenditure in Syria over the period 1970-2010. The Johansen cointegration test showed that oil returns and external debt have a positive and significant long run relationship with government expenditure. The Granger causality test indicates unidirectional short-run causality relationships running f...
This study investigates the relationship between renewable energy consumption, agricultural value added and per capita GDP with CO2 emissions in selected countries of MENA region. The study estimates the values of cointegration amongst the selected varaiables using panel data from selected countries for the period 1990 to 2014. The results indicated a long-run relationship between these variab...
abstract a fundamental study of “historio-graphic metafiction” and “literary genres”, as introduced in “new historical philosophy”, and tracing them in the works of julian barnes having studied the two novels, the porcupine and arthur & george, by julian barnes, the researcher has applied linda hutcheon’s historio-graphic metafictional theories to them. the thesis is divided into five cha...
the main objective of this study was to evaluate the response of consumers to changes in income and prices of chicken meat in the short run and long run. in order to achieve this goal, vector auto regression (var) and vector error correction model (vecm) have been applied to data since 1974 to 2007. impulse response function (irf) calculation indicated that past and present consumption of chick...
In many Developing Countries liberalization of international trade has been accompanied by demand for skilled labour and inequalityof wages.Thisphenomenon seems to be inconsistant with the Stopler- Samuelson Theorem.Studies in this respect show that imported high –tech capital andintermediate goods are skill-based, thus increasing the relative demand for skilled labour. In such circumsta...
Uncertainty appears to have both a short-run and a long-run component, which we measure using rm and macro implied volatility data from options of 30 days to 10 years duration. We ask what may be driving uncertainty over these di erent time horizons, nding that oil price volatility is particularly important for short-run uncertainty, policy uncertainty is particularly important for long-run unc...
by the advent and development of information and communication technology (ict), the micro and macro economic variables are changed. in other words, the exclusive characteristics of ict can alter the job framework in a society. this fact will be done in our country, too. because of the importance of the employment issue in iran, a research in about of effect of ict on this variable in iran is s...
iran’s economy has experienced an average inflation rate of 18.77 percent during the period of 1979-2010. many economists believe that the budget deficits are one of the main determinants of the chronic and relatively high inflation. this paper investigates the relationship between budget deficits and inflation. dynamics of iran’s monetary sector, based on the three cointegration relations i.e....
exchange rate and national income of countries trading with each other are among the most important factors affecting each country's trade. considering the political and economic ties between iran and venezuela in recent years, the goal of this paper was to investigate the effect of exchange rate volatility on exports of iran to venezuela. data used in this research include annual data for...
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