Hermitian Matrices It is simpler to begin with matrices with complex numbers. Let x = a + ib, where a, b are real numbers, and i = √ −1. Then, x∗ = a− ib is the complex conjugate of x. In the discussion below, all matrices and numbers are complex-valued unless stated otherwise. Let M be an n× n square matrix with complex entries. Then, λ is an eigenvalue of M if there is a non-zero vector ~v su...