Long-term exposure to arsenic, an environmental contaminant, leads to increased risks of cancers. In the present study, we investigated the sequential regulation of Elk-1 and Egr-1 on As3+-induced GADD45α, an effector of G2/M checkpoint. We found that As3+ transcriptionally induced both Elk-1 and Egr-1, and NF-κB binding site was necessary for As3+-induced Egr-1 promoter activity. However, spec...

The proapoptotic BH3-only protein Bim is a crucial regulator of neuronal apoptosis. Previous studies have indicated the involvement of the c-Jun, FOXO1/3a, and B/C-Myb transcription factors in the regulation of Bim during neuronal apoptosis. However, the mechanism underlying the transcriptional regulation of Bim in activity deprivation-induced neuronal apoptosis has remained unclear. The presen...

Despite continued study on the neurobiological bases of aggressive and sexual behaviors, it is still not well understood how the brain integrates social information with physiological and neural states to produce context-specific behavioral outcomes. In fishes, manipulation of endogenous levels of arginine vasotocin (AVT) through peripheral and intracerebroventricular pharmacological injections...

FasL expressed in tumor cells plays an important role in the escape from immune surveillance by inducing apoptosis in T-cells bearing Fas. Since the Fas/FasL signaling pathway requires transcriptional induction of the FasL gene, elucidation of the precise mechanisms underlying regulation of FasL gene expression may provide useful molecular insights on tumor progression. We and others (Shin, E. ...

Prostate cancer is the most prevalent malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer mortality in men. Early growth response gene-1 (EGR-1) plays a crucial role in the development and progression of prostate cancer. The presented data show that EGR-1 differs in cellular localization in benign cells compared with malignant prostate cells and that this localization is critical for the transcri...

OBJECTIVES The excess proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the development of intimal hyperplasia is a hallmark of vein graft failure. This study aimed to verify that a single intraoperative transfection of early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1) decoy oligonucleotide (ODN) can suppress vein graft proliferation of VSMCs and intimal hyperplasia. METHODS In a rabbit model, jug...

Early growth response gene (Egr)-2 is important for the maintenance of T cell homeostasis and controls the development of autoimmune disease. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We have now discovered that Egr-2, which is induced by TGF-β and IL-6, negatively regulates the expression of IL-17, but not IL-2 or IFN-γ, in effector T cells. In the absence of Egr-2, CD4 T cells produce h...

Among all known angiogenic molecules, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is probably the most extensively characterized growth factor that displays broad vascular functions including vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, vascular permeability, vascular survival, and vascular remodeling.1,2 These vascular functions of VEGF are mainly mediated by VEGF tyrosine kinase receptors (TKRs) expressed in ...

operating an engine with homogeneous charge compression ignition (hcci) technique is a promising technique to lower nox and pm emissions of engines while achieving high efficiency and lower fuel consumption. nevertheless, applications for hcci are still limited due to the absence of a definite means to control ignition timing and narrow operating region. a single cylinder diesel engine with com...

Transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) signaling is implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrosis in scleroderma or systemic sclerosis (SSc), but the precise mechanisms are poorly understood. The immediate-early gene Egr-1 is an inducible transcription factor with key roles in mediating fibrotic TGF-ß responses. To elucidate Egr-1 function in SSc-associated fibrosis, we examined change in gene expre...