A diverse suite of effector immune responses provide protection against various pathogens. However, the array of effector responses must be immunologically regulated to limit pathogen- and immune-associated damage. CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) calibrate immune responses; however, how Treg cells adapt to control different effector responses is unclear. To investigate the molecular me...

In the last ten years, various grasping principles and releasing techniques suitable for microassembly have been hypothesised and successfully tested. Since in microdomain adhesion forces overcome the gravity one, new grasping principles have been exploited to grasp microparts. Unfortunately, in microassembly the most critical phase is not to grasp a micropart, but to release it. Therefore, the...

The nonholonomy exhibited by kinematic systems consisting of bodies rolling on top of each other can be used to the purpose of building dexterous mechanisms with a minimum hardware complication. Such desirable an engineering feature can be fully exploited, however, only if the capability of planning and controlling rolling motions of arbitrary objects is achieved. In this paper we present recen...

This paper describes a method to solve the direct kinematics of a generic Stewart-Gough manipulators. The method is formulated in terms of a search in the space of rigid body transformations. The underlying idea is that the solutions of the direct kinematics can be obtained by moving the end-effector body according rotations and translations and accounting for the rigidity conditions. The paper...

Contact state information is indispensable for performing skillful tasks in which an end-effector should be in contact with the environment. In previous work, the authors introduced the concept of a pseudo contact point that is useful for tasks involving contact as one expression of the contact state. In this paper, an extended definition of the pseudo contact point is proposed. The pseudo cont...

This paper describes guidelines for the design of grippers for use in modular manufacturing workcells. Gripper design is an important and often overlooked aspect of the design of a complete assembly system. Here we present guidelines which can be applied to a wide variety of grippers and are divided into two major categories: Those that improve system throughput and those that increase system r...

Rehabilitation robot positively improves walking ability of patients with gait disorders. In this paper, our discussion focuses on exoskeleton robot and end-effector robot. The purpose of this study was to compare the training methods and gait biomechanics on subjects when training on rehabilitation robots.

Engineering of the constant Fc part of monoclonal human IgG1 (hIgG1) Abs is an approach to improve effector functions and clinical efficacy of next-generation IgG1-based therapeutics. A main focus in such development is tailoring of in vivo half-life and transport properties by engineering the pH-dependent interaction between IgG and the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), as FcRn is the main homeosta...

This review is focused on different subsets of T cells: CD4 and CD8, memory and effector functions, and their role in CAR-T therapy--a cellular adoptive immunotherapy with T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptor. The CAR-T cells recognize tumor antigens and induce cytotoxic activities against tumor cells. Recently, differences in T cell functions and the role of memory and effector T cells...