Nanogenerators with capacitor structures based on piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, triboelectricity and electrostatic induction have been extensively investigated. Although the electron flow on electrodes is well understood, the maximum efficiency-dependent structure design is not clearly known. In this paper, a clear understanding of triboelectric generators with capacitor structures is pres...

We present the results of laboratory experiments that quantify the physical controls on the thickness of the falling film of liquid around a Taylor bubble, when liquid–gas interfacial tension can be neglected. We find that the dimensionless film thickness l′ (the ratio of the film thickness to the pipe radius) is a function only of the dimensionless parameter Nf = r √ gD3/m, where r is the liqu...

abstract introduction. recently, the ariadent zinc phosphate cement has been introduced to market with low cost. some dentists purchase this product because of low cost and others avoid buying it because of unreliable quality. the two important properties of ideal dental cement are to have the minimum film thickness (less than 25 micron) and to have favorable compressive strength. the purpose o...

A wavelength scanning interferometer for measuring the surface and thickness of a transparent film has been studied. A halogen light source combined with an acousto-optic tuneable filter is used to generate a sequence of filtered light in a Linnik interferometer, which leads to a sequence of interferograms captured by a CCD camera. When a transparent thin film is measured, the reflection signal...

Internal friction in aluminum thin films on silicon substrates has been measured uaween 180 and 360 K as a function of strain amplitude. The amplitude dependence of internal fnction in the aluminum films has been evaluated from the data on the film-substrate composite and further converted into the plastic strain of the order of as a function of the effective stress on dislocation motion. The m...

When a thin glassy film is strained uniaxially, a shear deformation zone (SDZ) can be observed. The ratio of the thickness of the SDZ to that of the undeformed film is related to the maximum extension ratio, lambda, which depends on the entanglement molecular weight, M(e). We have measured lambda as a function of film thickness in strained freestanding films of polystyrene as a probe of M(e) in...

In this article, we report an alternative method for in situ monitoring of the thickness and refractive index of thin film during the growth process. We design a special structure with a thickness-controlled air film to simulate the process of thin film growth. The phase term of the reflected light coming from this multi-layer structure is modulated and has a strong correlation with the thickne...

Natural gas usually contains significant amounts of acid gases when it is extracted from underground reservoirs. Therefore, it must be treated by appropriate processes to remove these acidic components. In this study, the simultaneous absorption of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from natural gas into diethanol amine solution was simulated using CFD. Absorption process was performed in a we...

This paper presents a unique optical technique that utilizes the reabsorption and emission of two fluorescent dyes to accurately measure film thickness while minimizing errors caused by variations in illumination intensity and surface reflectivity. Combinations of dyes are selected that exhibit a high degree of emission reabsorption and each dye concentration is adjusted to create an optically ...

The drying process of polymer solutions coated on a flat substrate is very important in various industrial applications. We have proposed and modified a model of the drying process of a polymer solution coated on a flat substrate for uniform polymer film deposition. We used the model to control the thickness of a thin film after drying through management of the temperature, evaporation, and con...