In order to characterize the poorly defined mechanisms that account for the anti-proteolytic effects of insulin in skeletal muscle, we investigated in rats the effects of a 3 h systemic euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp on lysosomal, Ca(2+)-dependent proteolysis, and on ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent proteolysis. Proteolysis was measured in incubated fast-twitch mixed-fibre extensor digitorum...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can cause muscle fibre transformation due to chronic intermittent hypoxia-hypercapnia (CIHH). Studies have shown that high expression of Sox6 in muscle could suppress type-I fibres through downregulating the PPARβ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β)/ERRγ (oestrogen-related receptor γ)/microRNA pathway. However, whether this pathway is involved in...

We propose and analyze a novel dynamic reservation (DR) protocol for integrating constant bit rate (CBR), variable bit rate (VBR) and available bit rate (ABR) traffic over Hybrid Fibre/Cable (HFC) networks. This protocol allows a VBR station to capture isochronous channels on a bandwidth on demand basis. To enhance channel utilization, both the capturing probability and the bandwidth available ...

Although fibre-reinforced-concrete (FRC) is increasingly used, it has been occasionally applied to water-retaining structures (WRSs), and no comprehensive design guidelines are currently available for the of WRSs with FRC. A methodology such applications based on recommendations research three reference scenarios representing a wide range WRSs: flood defence wall, weir swimming pool wall. For e...

OBJECTIVES Arterial graft spasm occasionally causes circulatory collapse immediately following coronary artery bypass graft. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of our developed materials, which were composed of milrinone (phosphodiesterase III inhibitor) or diltiazem (calcium-channel blocker), with nano-scaled fibre made of biodegradable polymer to prevent arterial spasm. METHO...

Status of this Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract This document defines the use of...

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A model of fractional-order of thermoelasticity is applied to study a 2D problem of mode-I crack in a fibre-reinforced thermal environment. The crack is under prescribed distributions of heat and pressure. The normal mode analysis is applied to deduce exact formulae for displacements, stresses, and temperature. Variations of field quantities with the axial direction are illustrated graphically....