One focus of educational measurement has been the examination of the relationship between students' entering academic characteristics and their subsequent achievement outcomes. In the case of admissions tests, an important consideration is that test scores predict later achievement similarly for all groups of students who take the test. The purposes of this study were to: (1) assess the validit...

BACKGROUND Curricula are accommodated to the interests of new groups after pressure from social movements outside institutions. A Dutch national project to integrate gender-gender mainstreaming (GM)-in all medical curricula started in 2002 and finished in 2005. GM is a long-term strategy which aims at eliminating gender bias in existing routines for which involvement of regular actors within th...

This mixed-methods study examined gender differences in the social motivation and friendship experiences of adolescent boys and girls with autism relative to those without autism, all educated within special education settings. Autistic girls showed similar social motivation and friendship quality to non-autistic girls, while autistic boys reported having both qualitatively different friendship...

Research has consistently linked social-emotional skills to important educational and life outcomes. Many children begin their school careers, however, without the requisite social and emotional skills that facilitate learning, which has prompted schools nationwide to adopt specific curricula to teach students the social-emotional skills that enable them to maintain optimal engagement in the le...

This has been attempted by administering a survey in which the questions fall under two categories, dualist and relativist, which are shown to correspond to a greater or lesser extent to absolutist and fallibilist philosophies respectively. Dualism and relativism are discussed in detail both in connection with school mathematics and mathematicians' mathematics. Some hypotheses are put forward a...

Dental therapy is an accepted component of the dental profession in the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium and in the state of Minnesota. There are also several states working to enact legislation to permit the practice of dental therapy. However, in the absence of nationally recognized educational standards, concerns have been raised relating to the lack of uniformity in dental therapy edu...

In this article, we review research on the economics and sociology of education to assess the relationships between family and community variables and children’s educational outcomes in South Asia. At the family level, we examine the variables of family socioeconomic status (SES), parental education, family structure, and religion and caste. At the community level, we assess the limited researc...

The performance of school children has been studied by considering partial relationships between several personal variables such as the link between cognition and motivation. However, contextual variables, such as a child's willingness to accept social responsibility, also influence students' social and academic performance. Thus, students with greater responsibility have a better attitude towa...

BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the association between tobacco control policies and trends in smoking cessation according to gender, age and educational level in Lithuania in 1994-2010. METHODS The data were obtained from nine cross-sectional postal surveys conducted biennially within the framework of Finbalt Health Monitor project during 1994-2010. Each survey was based on a nationa...

Time-use diaries were collected over a 3-year period for 2 cohorts of 2- and 4-year-old children. TV viewing declined with age. Time spent in reading and educational activities increased with age on weekdays but declined on weekends. Time-use patterns were sex-stereotyped, and sex differences increased with age. As individuals' time in educational activities, social interaction, and video games...