The purposes of this study were to determine the effects of ovarian hormone removal on force-generating capacities and contractile proteins in soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of mature female mice. Six-month-old female C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to either an ovariectomized (OVX; n = 13) or a sham-operated (sham; n = 13) group. In vitro contractile function of soleus ...

The slow-twitch soleus muscle (SOL) exhibits decreased twitch tension (cold depression) in response to a decreased temperature, whereas the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle shows enhanced twitch tension (cold potentiation). On the other hand, the slow-twitch SOL muscle is more sensitive to twitch potentiation and contractures evoked by caffeine than the fast-twitch EDL muscle....

Intramuscular injection of bupivacaine causes complete degeneration of fibers in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of rats, followed by complete regeneration within 60 days. Previous studies have shown that regenerated EDL muscles are protected from contraction-induced injury 60 days after bupivacaine injection. It is possible that these regenerated muscles have altered length-tension rel...

Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) undergo bouts of daily torpor in response to reduced photoperiod. Metabolic rate, body temperature and energy cost are reduced during torpor. The present study exposed Djungarian hamsters to two different photoperiod regimes at a room temperature of 19-21°C: long photoperiod (control, 16 h:8 h light:dark, N=8) and short photoperiod (torpor, 8 h:16 h light...

Electric-double-layer (EDL) thin-film transistors (TFTs) have attracted much attention due to their low operation voltages. Recently, EDL TFTs gated with radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtered SiO₂ have been developed which is compatible to large-area electronics fabrication. In this work, fully transparent Indium-Gallium-Zinc-Oxide-based EDL TFTs on glass substrates have been fabricated at r...

In this study, a computational model was developed using commercial finite element analysis package COMSOL Multiphysics (Burlington, MA) to simulate the electrical double layer (EDL) structure and quantify the EDL capacitance for the first time. In the modeling the electrochemical process at an EDL structure was considered by solving the Poisson, Nernst-Plank and Butler-Volmer equations without...

We compared structure and function of EDL and Soleus muscles in adult (4-6 m) mice lacking both Calsequestrin (CASQ) isoforms, the main SR Ca²⁺-binding proteins. Lack of CASQ induced ultrastructural alterations in ~30% of Soleus fibers, but not in EDL. Twitch time parameters were prolonged in both muscles, although tension was not reduced. However, when stimulated for 2 sec at 100 hz, Soleus wa...

Abstract Economic development level (EDL) cannot completely explain environmental behavior and participation (EBP) patterns as many other factors affect performances, the conflict of ‘Maslow’s Hierarchy Needs model’ or ‘Affluence hypothesis’ ‘Challenge-response Model’ hypothesis has been continuously discussed. In present study, a standardized two-dimensional array (STDA) model is employed to d...

Environmental degradation and climate change caused by excessive CO2 emissions have become the most serious challenges facing humanity. The electrocatalytic reduction reaction (CO2RR) is an ideal way to produce high-value chemicals solve environmental pollution at same time. electric double layer (EDL) structure electrochemical interface can greatly influence local catalytic environment, but it...

This study proposes two techniques: Deep Learning (DL) and Ensemble (EDL) to predict groundwater level (GWL) for five wells in Malaysia. Two scenarios were proposed, scenario-1 (S1): GWL from 4 was used as inputs the fifth well scenario-2 (S2): time series with lag up 20 days all wells. The results S1 prove that ensemble EDL generally performs superior DL estimation of each station using data r...