Objective: Ecosystems with mixed species compared to the ones with pure compositions provide a broader range of options in the fields of biodiversity, conservation, protection and restoration. Nearly all forest plantations are established as monocultures, but research has shown that there are potential advantages to be gained by using carefully designed species mixtures in place of monocultures...

We introduce a new technique to associate a spanning tree to the average linkage cluster analysis. We term this tree as the Average Linkage Minimum Spanning Tree. We also introduce a technique to associate a value of reliability to links of correlation based graphs by using bootstrap replicas of data. Both techniques are applied to the portfolio of the 300 most capitalized stocks traded at New ...

Abstract Currently, the Lucerne tree is becoming well-established and adapted in many parts of world. It can be grow around apple trees, near Rahminus prinoides , within vegetables. According to African Rising Stations project on Tree Lucerne, line planting, cutting, periodic pruning, reduce height by 1.5 m that simplest caring mechanism. has also been shown this care result a 20% increase DM p...