Corruption has fierce impacts on economic and societal development and is subject to a vast range of institutional, jurisdictional, societal and economic conditions. Research indicates that corruption’s predominantly negative effects have arisen to a massive trans-border threat while creating high obstacles to sustainable and prospective development, ultimately impairing everybody’s life. This ...

industrial and economic improvement of each society depends on its organized and conducted researches. in this regard, the significant role of commercializing process is discussed here. the concepts, processes and models of commercialization in great universities are reviewed here. for this, the grounded theory is applied, on the collected data. the data are obtained through interviewing with f...

BACKGROUND: While recognizing the economic obstacles that currently block widespread use, many concerned with improving agricultural productivity and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are focusing on fertilizer as a remedy for declining soil quality and stagnant yields. Some have suggested that SSA needs to increase fertilizer use from 9 to at least 30 kg/ha during the next decade. Othe...

This article highlights current economic conditions in China and analyzes existing obstacles to improving workplace conditions and labor practices. There are significant disincentives to strengthening workplace protections, and downward pressures are currently worsening conditions in a number of economic sectors. However, there are also potential strategies for motivating multinational corporat...

Among the members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), there are wide economic gaps between more developed countries including Singapore and Thailand and less developed ones including Vietnam. The gaps represents one of the largest obstacles to realizing the ASEAN’s goal of market integration and the situation is at risk of getting even worse next year, as it is increasingly l...

arbitration as an alternative to state courts will succeed in fairly resolving disputes if it can remove the obstacles to hearings and guarantee the equal treatment of the parties. in litigations, judicial assistances (legal aids) such as insolvency proceedings come to the help of the impecunious party so that the economic obstacles do not lead to the violation of basic and fundamental rights s...

Malnutrition remains one of the major obstacles to human well-being and economic prosperity in developing countries. There are strong normative and instrumental reasons related to human and economic development to address the burden of malnutrition as an issue of public concern. This calls for governments to prioritize policies and actions and allocate substantial investments in efforts to addr...

It is often argued that energy policy is too fragmented across EU Member States and should be “Europeanized” to pave the way towards an efficiently organized European power system, which rest on the internal market for energy and a pan-European super-grid. However, this view neglects i) the factual heterogeneity of European energy policies in terms of harmonization and centralization, ii) econo...

A right of access to health care services is among the economic and social rights guaranteed by the Constitution of South Africa. Given the jurisprudential novelty of such a right and its dependence on economic resources, however, its realization is likely to be difficult to secure. The article discusses the scope and limitations of the right of access to health care in South Africa. Though the...