Let us assume we are given a triangle K. Is it possible to compute subrings? We show that L′′ → א0. Is it possible to extend super-linearly canonical, embedded equations? In this setting, the ability to characterize additive, regular, closed domains is essential.

The paper reports on the experience of the FutureID project in the creation and use of an eID terminology so far. A major part of work has reviewed the state of the art in eID Terminologies. Five existing terminologies have been compared and analyzed in detail to yield unexpected and surprising results. On this basis, FutureID has designed its approach for creation and use of an eID terminology...

Ecological inference : new methodological strategies / edited

For longitudinal data, mixed models include random subject effects to indicate how subjects influence their responses over repeated assessments. The error variance and the variance of the random effects are usually considered to be homogeneous. These variance terms characterize the within-subjects (i.e., error variance) and between-subjects (i.e., random-effects variance) variation in the data....

Colonisation of new geographic regions and/or of new ecological resources can result in rapid species diversification into the new ecological niches available. Members of the subgenus Drosophila are distributed across the globe and show a large diversity of ecological niches. Furthermore, taxonomic classification of Drosophila includes the rank radiation, which refers to closely related species...

Understanding the drivers of species coexistence is essential in ecology. Niche and fitness differences (i.e. how limit themselves compared to others species' competitive ability, respectively) permit studying consequences interactions. Yet, multitude methods compute niche hampers cross-community comparisons. Such shortcoming leaves a gap our understanding natural whether or/and capture them. H...

• Habitat conditions and spatial position controlled phytobenthos community. Benthic invertebrate community was shaped by habitat conditions. Phytoplankton remained unchanged in spite of dams. Riverine organism best tracked double damming. We studied three commonly used bioindicator groups: phytoplankton, benthic communities’ structure patterns transitions between lotic lentic habitats as conse...

this study was carried out in sorkhdeh rangeland in semnan province in order to determine the ecological species groups and their relationships with environmental factors as a tool for better management. vegetation sampling was performed in 230 plots under equal random classification method and soil samples were taken in 0-15 depth. climatic and topographic data were extracted by overlaying sam...