BACKGROUND Researchers often use census-derived measures of socioeconomic status (SES) when personal information is not available. Theory predicts that the resulting misclassification will blunt associations between outcomes and SES and that control for confounding by SES will be less effective. The purpose of this paper was to examine the magnitude of this problem using data from the National ...

BACKGROUND Maternal mortality (MM) is an avoidable death and there is national, international and political commitment to reduce it. The objective of this study is to examine the relation of MM to socioeconomic factors and its inequality in Iran's provinces at an ecologic level. METHODS The overall MM from each province was considered for 3 years from 2004 to 2006. The five independent variab...

BACKGROUND Radon, a naturally occurring radioactive gas, is a carcinogen that causes a small proportion of lung cancers among exposed populations. Theoretical models suggest that radon may also be a risk factor for skin cancer, but epidemiologic evidence for this relationship is weak. In this study, we investigated ecologic associations between environmental radon concentration and the incidenc...

The compensation for undesirable outputs resulting from operational activities requires measurement applications and control systems to reduce material and energy consumption and to protect the indispensable natural resources as well. In general environmental management applies the Ecocontrolling system to ensure its tasks. The controlling tasks of strategic, tactical and operative management h...