introduction vulnerability is a term used to show the amount and extent of damage and the losses caused by natural disasters in different communities (social, formal-physical, etc.). vulnerabilities is identified as the sensitivity of the environment against the hazards. from among natural disasters, earthquakes can have a vast scope of losses for desert regions. therefore, in order to reduce a...

Natural resource-based projects represent an important sector in Canada’s economy, where the energy, mining, and forestry industries accounted for 17% of gross domestic product 2018 (Natural Resources Canada, 2019). Many are located on or near Indigenous lands, disproportionately impacting peoples (Gibson et al., 2017). The negative environmental impacts well documented (Koutouki 2018; Westman ...