Bulking of activated sludge is a world-wide problem which negatively affects wastewater treatment efficiency. The most common reasons of bulking are bacterial community changes, especially excessive growth of filamentous bacteria (filamentous bulking) or excess of biopolymers on the surface of non-filamentous microbes (non-filamentous or Zoogleal bulking). Because of the complex nature of the b...

Women who are at a significantly raised risk of developing breast cancer should be assessed by a medical geneticist to confirm their history, counselled as to appropriate management and offered breast screening. Currently mammography with magnetic resonance imaging is considered the optimal method of early detection of breast cancer in these women. While there is no evidence of mortality benefi...

Dermoscopy is an in vivo method for the early diagnosis of malignant melanoma and the differential diagnosis of pigmented lesions of the skin. It has been shown to increase diagnostic accuracy over clinical visual inspection in the hands of experienced physicians. This article is a review of the principles of dermoscopy as well as recent technological developments.

C-reactive protein, measured in serum from 38 patients with leukaemia, was elevated to at least 100 mg/l at the beginning of 32 of 34 episodes of infection, and subsequently rose above 100 mg/l in all 34. Uninfected patients, whether in leukaemic remission or relapse and whether pyrexial or not, always had levels below 100 mg/l, with four exceptions out of 290 measurements. Estimation of two ot...

background: fluoride is used increasingly in a variety of industries in india. emission of fluoride dust and fumes from the smelters of primary aluminum producing industries is dissipated in the work environment and poses occupational health hazards. objective: to study the prevalence of health complaints and its association with fluoride level in body fluids of smelter workers in a primary alu...

Background: Hospital malnutrition, usually secondary to various diseases and their treatments, is an important problem in our clinical practice. For its proper assessment, it is crucial to use a nutritional alert system, such as the CONUT (COntrol NUTrition) program; this tool uses 3 analytical parameters: serum albumin, total cholesterol, and total lymphocyte count. <str...

Boerhaave syndrome (BS) is a spontaneous esophageal perforation and is a life-threating but uncommon disorder. This syndrome involves a transmural perforation and typically occurs after forceful emesis. The prognosis is dependent on rapid diagnosis and correct management. The classic presentation of BS consists of vomiting, subcutaneous emphysema, and lower thoracic pain. However, significant s...

Medical technology is crucial to the health and welfare of our citizens. The industry provides us with early detection of diseases, safe and effective treatment options for the diseases that are detected and so on. It goes without saying that the marketing and sales of such devices and products should be based on their benefits to the patients, not on inappropriate incentives to the healthcare ...