in this study the effect of input parameters of the edm process (pulse on-time, duty cycle and tool polarity), on the material removal rate (mrr), tool wear ratio (twr) and maximum surface roughness (rmax) in the machining aisi h13 tool steel has been studied. this study shows that increasing the duty cycle in the two conditions of tool polarity, material removal rate and the maximum surface ro...

In the low duty cycle wireless sensor network with unreliable link quality, how to meet designated delay requirements and maximize network lifetime is the focus of this study. This paper proposes the Scheduling Scheme based on Estimated-delay(SSE), which could satisfy decreasing energy consumption as well as delivery delay in the low duty cycle wireless sensor network by utilizing the estimated...

Ni-W coatings, compared to pure nanocrystalline Ni, exhibit higher hardness and wear resistance. In some cases, these coatings are considered as environmental friendly alternatives for hard chromium coating. Till now, most of Ni-W coatings have been produced by direct current electrodeposition from alkaline baths. In this study square pulse current was used for deposition of Ni-W precipitates f...

A DLL(Delay Locked Loop) with DCC(Duty Cycle Correction) has become an essential block in high speed memory and digital circuits. An SMD(Synchronous Mirror Delay) structure is widely used both for skew reduction and for DCC. In this paper, an area-efficient DLL structure based on the merged dual SMD is proposed. The merged structure allows the forward delay array to be shared between the DLL an...

Upper airway obstruction (UAO) can elicit neuromuscular responses that mitigate and/or compensate for the obstruction. It was hypothesised that flow-limited breathing elicits specific timing responses that can preserve ventilation due to increases in inspiratory duty cycle rather than respiratory rate. By altering nasal pressure during non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep, similar degrees of ...

Duty cycle describes the relative 'on time' of a periodic signal. In bats, we argue that high duty cycle (HDC) echolocation was selected for and evolved from low duty cycle (LDC) echolocation because increasing call duty cycle enhanced the ability of echolocating bats to detect, lock onto and track fluttering insects. Most echolocators (most bats and all birds and odontocete cetaceans) use LDC ...

Double Data Rate Dynamic Random Access Memory (DDR DRAM) has become important to develop a low-power high performance DCC(Duty Cycle Corrector) with better duty cycle accuracy. DDR DRAM increases the speed using Successive Approximation Register Duty Cycle Corrector (SAR DCC). The proposed DCC circuit will be implemented in a 0.18um CMOS process. Here, Adjuster circuit delay line is being modif...

We address the problem of transferring bulk data in environmentally-powered wireless sensor networks where duty cycle compliance is critical for their uninterrupted operation. We propose Pump-and-Nap, a packet train forwarding technique that maximizes throughput while simultaneously enforcing compliance to dynamic duty cycle limitations. A node using Pump-and-Nap operates by pumping a train of ...

The IEEE 802. 15. 4 standard defines a Physical (PHY) and Medium Access Control (MAC) layer protocol for low data rate wireless network with low power requirement which makes it ideal PHY/MAC for WSNs. Currently WSNs with combination of IEEE 802. 15. 4 and ZigBee are being used extensively in industrial applications such as factory automation and control, environmental monitoring etc. Such appl...

Low delay and long lifetime are a very important issue for industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs) in which it require long-time monitoring of industrial sites and respond quickly to events that is monitored; therefore, high delay communications can cause serious damage to property and personnel at industrial field. Due to delay, lifetime, and other performance involved to multiple layers, ...