Half a century ago, dopamine (DA) was discovered as a neurotransmitter in its own right (see Björklund and Dunnett, 2007 for review). Since then, dopaminergic systems have been studied in the context of neuropsychiatric and other disorders (e.g., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, Parkinsonism and drug addiction), as well as from the perspectives of cognitive child develop...

Alocasia macrorrhizos (AM) belongs to the family Araceae, different parts of this plant have shown hepatoprotective, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory action. Though it is traditionally used as a diuretic it needs substantial experimental evidence to support this. Hence we aimed to evaluate the diuretic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of AM in wistar rats. Acute diuretic activity ...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of three provisional cements and two cleaning techniques on the final bond strength of porcelain laminate veneers. METHODS The occlusal third of the crowns of forty molar teeth were sectioned and embedded in autopolymerizing acrylic resin. Dentin surfaces were polished and specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n=10). ...

OBJECTIVES The sodium content of meals provided at worksite cafeterias is greater than the sodium content of restaurant meals and home meals. The objective of this study was to assess the relationships between sodium-reduction practices, barriers, and perceptions among food service personnel. METHODS We implemented a cross-sectional study by collecting data on perceptions, practices, barriers...

Aggression is part of South African society and has implications for the mental health of persons living in South Africa. If parents are aggressive adolescents are also likely to be aggressive and that will impact negatively on their mental health. In this article the nature and extent of adolescents’ experiences of aggression and aggressive behaviour in the family are investigated. A deductive...

OBJECTIVE Calcium hydroxide is the most widely used intracanal medicament in endodontics, which should be removed prior to permanent root canal filling to minimize its intervention with the bonding of endodontic sealers. This ex-vivo study aimed to evaluate the effect of pretreatment with calcium hydroxide on the bond strength of Resilon/Epiphany self etch (SE) to the radicular dentin after rem...

PURPOSE To evaluate the influence of different pretreatments on the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of an etch-and-rinse adhesive to eroded dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six human teeth were ground down to their dentin layer and randomly divided into six groups (G1-G6; n = 6), G1 being the control group. Only in the test groups (G2-G6) were samples subjected to erosion using citric a...

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the discolouration effects of artificial saliva, granule lemon juice, coffee (without sugar), coca cola, sour cherry juice, fresh carrot juice and red wine on resin-based composite materials that are commonly used in restorative dentistry. METHODS Colour of four brands of resin composites (Filtek Z 250 (3M Espe), Filtek Supreme (3M Espe),...

Abstract Research background: Most of SMEs encounter many impediments when performing direct exporting activities. This is because various countries have different legislative and tax burdens cultural-linguistic diversities that create export barriers for from other countries. Even are the same size, age, sector or legal form, their perceptions obstacles might differ depending on where they loc...

This article suggests a unified framework for testing Proof of Concept and estimating a target dose for the benefit of a more comprehensive, robust and powerful analysis in phase II or similar clinical trials. From a pre-specified set of candidate models we choose the ones that best describe the observed dose-response. To decide which models, if any, significantly pick up a dose effect we const...