E-government aims to ease administrative processes based on an electronic handling. While larger enterprises can often benefit from electronically integrated governmental transaction services, small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) regularly face certain obstacles. For instance, this can be observed in the context of ecustoms transactions. According to a United Nations study, an inefficient c...

This article studies value assessments of IT solutions in public as well as in private contexts and aims to identify benefits of business-to-government innovations. The work analyzes the case of the implementation of European common e-customs solutions. Over the last few years, e-customs has become a widely studied topic within the European Union. However, only a little research has been conduc...

This article studies value assessments of IT solutions in public as well as in private contexts and aims to identify benefits of business-to-government innovations. The work analyzes the case of the implementation of European common e-customs solutions. Over the last few years, e-customs has become a widely studied topic within the European Union. However, only a little research has been conduc...

For more than 15 years, the EU customs policy has required the implementation of IT trans-European systems to enable the exchange of information between national customs administration, the Commission, and in some cases traders. Since 2003, when the Commission issued a Communication on a simple and paperless environment for customs and trade that was subsequently endorsed by the Council, the ef...

In the second half of the nineteenth century, a number of traditional Xhosa social customs were opposed by missionaries who tried to insist that their Xhosa converts abstain from all observance or participation on pain of discipline, even expulsion from the church. This chapter will discuss the missionary attacks on intonjane (girl's initiation, puberty rite), ukwaluka (circumcision, boy's init...

Background: Customs in the world of business today is one of the most important pillars that regulates trade relations between individuals and legal entities, private, public and international law. Among the actors in this field, in addition to national and transnational governments and companies, there is a new phenomenon called the market. The market plays an important role in considering val...

The medieval systems of law in Italy and Europe have been proposed as a sort of virtual laboratory to deal with the issue of ensuring that the principle of equality in the rule of law be compatible with the recognition of indigenous peoples’ customs. The legal framework of the medieval communes sought to strike a balance between the general interest in having legal certainty and uniformity with...

INTRODUCTION Globalization requires the European Union (EU) to reduce the administrative burdens on companies involved in cross-border trade if the EU is to remain a competitive economic zone. Two important foci in the EU electronic customs MultiAnnual Strategic Plan are the implementation of Authorized Economic Operators (AEO) and the Single Window vision. The Multi-Annual Strategic Plan aims ...