Adducts of reactive chemicals with hemoglobin (Hb) or human serum albumin can be used as biomarkers of internal doses of carcinogens. Because dried blood spots are easier to collect and store than conventional venous blood samples, they encourage applications of biomarkers of exposure in large epidemiologic studies. In addition, neonatal dried blood spot can be used to investigate chemical expo...

The precise quantitation of smoking during pregnancy is difficult in retrospective studies. Routinely collected blood specimens from newborns, stored as dried blood spots, may provide a low-cost method to objectively measure maternal smoking close to the time of delivery. This article compares cotinine levels in dried blood spots to those in umbilical cord blood to assess cotinine in dried bloo...

BACKGROUND Quince has many health benefits. Dried quince has been used as a tea for centuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the influences of two drying methods on the antioxidant activity of the quince. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty two fresh Iranian quinces (Cydonia oblonga) were obtained from different parts of Shiraz. Half of the quinces were peeled and both peel and flesh immedi...

This study investigated the development of rat oocytes in vitro and in vivo following intracytoplasmic injection of heads from spermatozoa heat-dried at 50°C for 8 h and stored at 4°C in different gas phases. Sperm membrane and chromosome are damaged by the process of heat-drying. Oocyte activation and cleavage of oocytes were worse in oocytes injected with spermatozoa heat-dried and stored for...

The guinea-pig first achieved fame as an experimental animal in the eighteenth century, when Lavoisier used it for his fundamental experiments on respiration (Lavoisier & La Place, 1784; Seguin & Lavoisier, 1793). It did not, however, begin to make nutritional history till the twentieth century, when Holst & Frolich (1go7), in trying to give it beriberi, found that it developed scurvy instead; ...

INTRODUCTION Fracture of the atlas was first described by Jefferson (1920). He theorised a bursting mechanism of fracture as the occipital condyles were driven into the atlas. Experimental studies by Hays and Alker (1988) and Panjabi et al (1991) were also conducted to explain the injury mechanisms. Injury mechanisms and fracture patterns are important in the clinical evaluation of spinal injur...

Not the Opium of the People: Income and Secularization in a Panel of Prussian Counties The interplay between religion and the economy has occupied social scientists for long. We construct a unique panel of income and Protestant church attendance for six waves of up to 175 Prussian counties spanning 1886-1911. The data reveal a marked decline in church attendance coinciding with increasing incom...

One of the most frequently attempted correlations in Quaternary research is between insolation and paleoclimatic data. Yet there are a large number of insolation time series that could potentially explain a Quaternary dataset, individually or in combination. We computed 342 insolation time series (varying by latitude, time of year and time of day) for fitting to four different paleoclimatic rec...

The Vibrionaceae are a genetically and metabolically diverse family living in aquatic habitats with a great propensity toward developing interactions with eukaryotic microbial and multicellular hosts (as either commensals, pathogens, and mutualists). The Vibrionaceae frequently possess a life history cycle where bacteria are attached to a host in one phase and then another where they are free f...