Why are we still struggling to control the devastating effects of childhood tuberculosis? This disease has been with us since ancient times and yet, even with known effective prevention and treatment strategies, much of the world has unacceptable levels of childhood morbidity and mortality due to tuberculosis. As expected, progress in identification and treatment has occurred primarily in high-...

In this note we explore a useful equivalence relation for the delay distribution in the G/M/1 queue under two different service disciplines: (i) PS (Processor Sharing); and (ii) ROS (Random Order of Service). We provide a direct probabilistic argument to show that the sojourn time under PS is equal (in distribution) to the waiting time under ROS of a customer arriving to a non-empty system. We ...

Demand response (DR) has many beneficiaries in the electricity market. There are independent players who are interested in DR, which include: transmission system owners, distributors, retailers, and aggregators. In this paper DR is introduced as a tradable commodity that can be exchanged between DR buyers and sellers in a pool-based market which is called demand response exchange (DRX). DRX ope...

background over the past few decades diabetes has emerged as an important non-communicable disease in subsaharan africa (ssa). sight loss from diabetic retinopathy (dr) can be prevented with screening and early treatment. the objective of this paper is to outline the required actions and considerations in the planning and development of dr screening services.   methods a multiple-case study app...

impressive. Spain, Italy, France, Germany, and Sweden all lost reigning monarchs, in the days when monarchs really reigned, to the disease. Dr Hopkins has not been satisfied with tracing the European history or even the Western history of the disease; he takes in the Asian dimension, and the African one, and details the effects of smallpox on the ruling houses of China and Japan, and among the ...