Targeting drugs or prodrugs to a specific enzyme by simultaneously targeting cell membrane carriers for efficient transport should provide the highest bioavailability along with specificity at the site of action. The peptide transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2 are expressed in a variety of tissues, including the brush-border membranes of epithelial cells of the small intestine and kidney. The transpor...

The relationship between lateral static stability derivative, Clβ , lift coefficient, CL, and angle of attack was investigated for rectangular wings of aspect ratioA= 0.75,1,1.5, and 3 using Stereo-Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (S-DPIV) and direct force and moment measurements. When the product ClβA is plotted with respect to CL, the lateral stability curves of each wing collapse to a sing...

OBJECT The goal of this study was to quantify the reduction in velocity, vorticity, and shear stresses resulting from the sequential placement of stents across the neck of sidewall cerebral aneurysms. METHODS A digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) system was used to measure the pulsatile velocity field within a flexible silicone sidewall intracranial aneurysm model and at the aneurysm ne...

BACKGROUND The development of clinically applicable fluid-structure interaction (FSI) models of the left heart is inherently challenging when using in vivo cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) data for validation, due to the lack of a well-controlled system where detailed measurements of the ventricular wall motion and flow field are available a priori. The purpose of this study was to (a) d...

A protrusible upper jaw has independently evolved multiple times within teleosts and has been implicated in the success of two groups in particular: Acanthomorpha and Cypriniformes. We use digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) to compare suction feeding flow dynamics in a representative of each of these clades: goldfish and bluegill. Using DPIV, we contrast the spatial pattern of flow, the ...

OBJECT The aim of this study was to measure changes in intraaneurysm flow dynamics and mechanical stresses resulting from the placement of Neuroform stents in bifurcating intracranial aneurysm models. METHODS A digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) system was used to measure the pulsatile velocity and shear stress fields within the aneurysm and at the aneurysm neck-parent artery interface...

The ability of animals to propel themselves efficiently through a fluid medium is ecologically advantageous. Flexible components that influence vortex interactions are widespread among animal propulsors. However the mechanisms by which vortices are enhanced and appropriately positioned for thrust generation are still poorly understood. Here, we describe how kinematic propulsor movements of a je...