One of the hallmarks of bacterial endospore formation is the accumulation of high concentrations of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (dipicolinic acid or DPA) in the developing spore. This small molecule comprises 5-15% of the dry weight of dormant spores and plays a central role in resistance to both wet heat and desiccation. DPA is synthesized in the mother cell at a late stage in sporulation a...

Previously it was reported that activation of (t)Bu2Zn by [(TMEDA)Na(μ-dpa)]2 led to tert-butylation of benzophenone at the challenging para-position, where the sodium amide functions as a metalloligand towards (t)Bu2Zn manifested in crystalline [{(TMEDA)Na(dpa)}2Zn(t)Bu2] (TMEDA is N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, dpa is 2,2'-dipyridylamide). Here we find altering the Lewis donor or alkal...

The passive Arthus arthritis in the guinea pig provides an experimental model for studying reactions comparable to those which occur in rheumatic fever. The joint swelling in the Arthus reaction is followed by tissue injury which is reflected 24 hours later by a rise in the DPA level. The height of this rise is determined by the degree of injury, which in turn is determined both by the strength...

49 50 The metabolic fate of dietary n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) in mammals is currently 51 unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of conversion of dietary 52 DPA to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in rats. Four 53 groups of male weanling Sprague Dawley rats (aged 5 weeks) were given 50 mg of 54 DPA, EPA, DHA or oleic acid, daily for 7 days by g...

UNLABELLED Overexpression of the translocator protein, TSPO (18 kDa), formerly known as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, is a hallmark of activation of cells of monocytic lineage (microglia and macrophages) during neuroinflammation. Radiolabeling of TSPO ligands enables the detection of neuroinflammatory lesions by PET. Two new radioligands, (11)C-labeled N,N-diethyl-2-[2-(4-methoxypheny...

BACKGROUND Persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), performing some level of regular physical activity, have a lower risk of both COPD-related hospital admissions and mortality. COPD patients of all stages seem to benefit from exercise training programs, thereby improving with respect to both exercise tolerance and symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue. Physical inactivity, which be...

Classically, dormant endospores are defined by their resistance properties, particularly their resistance to heat. Much of the heat resistance is due to the large amount of dipicolinic acid (DPA) stored within the spore core. During spore germination, DPA is released and allows for rehydration of the otherwise-dehydrated core. In Bacillus subtilis, 7 proteins are encoded by the spoVA operon and...

The Displacement per Atom (DPA) is an important factor used to quantify the irradiation damage of materials. radiation energy production cross section obtained by nuclear data processing code essential calculate DPA Nuclear code, such as NJOY, adopts NRT-DPA model section. However, has several well-known limitation. Especially, number defects produced in energetic cascades metals only ~1/3 pred...

STUDY OBJECTIVES To evaluate the rate of arterial thrombosis and catheter-related infection following radial artery or dorsalis pedis artery (DPA) cannulations lasting > or = 4 days. DESIGN Prospective, observational study of two cohorts of ICU patients. SETTING ICU of a university hospital. PATIENTS In a first group of 131 consecutive patients, the DPA was selected for arterial cannulati...

At CHES 2006, a DPA countermeasure based on the Fourier Transform was published. This generic countermeasure aims at protecting from DPA any S-box calculation used in symmetric cryptosystems implementations. In this paper, we show that this countermeasure has a flaw and that it can be broken by first order DPA. Moreover, we have successfully put into practice our attack on two different S-box i...