One small-scale double emulsion technique for incorporation of Naja- Naja oxiana venom into Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres were developed and optimized. The effects of high speed homogenization on the double emulsion stability, microsphere size, entrapment efficiency and In vitro release of venom were studied. A stable double emulsion was verified by homogenization method. Slow...

A case of envenomation due to viperine snakebite poisoning is presented. Patient showed continuous defibrination, without any other signs of poisoning, which could not be reversed with more than double the usual dose of polyvalent antivenom. This phenomenon could be due to envenomation caused by a snake, probably from Viperidae family, which is not covered by the polyvalent antivenom available ...

In this paper a new quasi-triangular Hopf algebra as the quantum double of the Heisenberg-Weyl algebra is presented.Its universal R-matrix is built and the corresponding representation theory are studied with the explict construction for the representations of this quantum double. 1Permanet address:Physics Dpartment,Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024,P.R.China 2Permanet address:Theor...

Abstract Snake predation is considered an important evolutionary force for primates. Yet, very few studies have documented encounters between primates and snakes in the wild. Here, we provide a preliminary account of how wild moor macaques ( Macaca maura ) respond to seven species real model snakes. Snakes could be local dangerous (i.e., venomous or constricting), nondangerous, novel dangerous....

INTRODUCTION Visual processing of ecologically relevant stimuli involves a central bias for stimuli demanding detailed processing (e.g., faces), whereas peripheral object processing is based on coarse identification. Fast detection of animal shapes holding a significant phylogenetic value, such as snakes, may benefit from peripheral vision. The amygdala together with the pulvinar and the superi...

Poxviruses (Poxviridae) are a family of double-stranded DNA viruses with no RNA stage. Members of the genus Orthopoxvirus (OPV) are highly invasive and virulent. It was recently shown that the taterapox virus (TATV) from a West African rodent is the sister of camelpox virus and therefore belongs to the clade closest to the variola virus (VARV), the etiological agent of smallpox. Although these ...

Two topologically equivalent triangular POM aggregates based upon the Keggin () and Dawson () cluster species, with distinctive double {W-O-M} intra-molecular linkages involving Mn(III) and Co(III) ions are presented; both these compounds demonstrate electrocatalytic activity.