Abstract We used Double Digest Restriction site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD) and Miseq to develop new geographically informative nuclear plastid SNP indel loci in Quercus robur Q. petraea . Genotypes derived from sequence data of 95 individuals two pools 20 each mongolica covering the distribution range species, were analysed select polymorphic within Germany Russia. successfully screened ...

In prevailing economies, the widespread satisfaction of basic human needs is associated with vast energy use, and thus runs up against planetary boundaries. To meet Sustainable Development Goals, countries must fundamentally reorganise their economies towards satisfying at low use. Jefim Vogel (University Leeds, UK) colleagues investigated relationship between consumption need satisfaction, how...

Message Authentication Codes (MAC) are used to ensure the integrity of digital content is not compromised and to authenticate the sender. A MAC can be constructed by using a message digest and a shared secret value. Two different digital contents should have a low probability of having the same message digest. This is called a collision. Also, when a message digest is used to create a MAC, it s...