BACKGROUND Penicillium marneffei is the most important thermal dimorphic fungus causing systemic mycosis in China and Southeast Asia. While miRNAs are increasingly recognized for their roles in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in animals and plants, miRNAs in fungi were less well studied and their potential roles in fungal dimorphism were largely unknown. Based on P. marneffei...

The bipartite geminiviruses such as tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV) and squash leaf curl virus (SqLCV) have two single-stranded circular genomic DNAs, the A and B components, thought to be replicated from double-stranded circular DNA intermediates. Although it has been presumed that the origin sequences for viral replication are located in the highly conserved 200-nucleotide common region (CR...

The linear chromosomes of vertebrates terminate in telomeres that consist of a tandemly repeated hexameric sequence, 5'TTAGGG3'. Telomeres form a protective loop structure (t-loop), which is thought to prevent them from being recognized as a double-strand break. Approximately 10% of human tumors prevent shortening of their telomeres by using a recombination-mediated alternative lengthening of t...

Leishmania mexicana causes localized (LCL) or diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL). The cause of dissemination in DCL remains unknown, yet NK cells possibly play a role in activating leishmanicidal mechanisms during innate and adaptive immune responses. We had previously shown that Leishmania lipophosphoglycan (LPG) is a ligand for TLR2, activating human NK cells. We have now analyzed NK cells...

Campus response to sexual violence is increasingly governed by federal law and administrative guidance such as the 1972 Title IX, the 2011 Dear Colleague Letter (DCL), and the 2013 Violence Against Women Act. Educational institutions are directed to expand disciplinary responses and establish coordinated action to eliminate sexual violence and remedy its effects. Compliance fosters a quasi-crim...

drawing on henri meschonnic’s notion of an “inscient ethics,” and putting “inscience” into dialogue with the old ideal of a “science” of translation, the article explores the collective socio-affective ecologies that organize and regulate social and professional norms and values of translation below the level of conscious awareness—as the true underlying structure not only of “subjectivity” (so...

Circular nucleic acids have been utilized for versatile applications by taking advantage of the unique characteristic of their circular structure. In our previous study, we found that the chemically-cyclized ODN (cyODN) with double-tailed parts formed a pseudorotaxane structure with the target via the slippage process. We now report the investigation of the slippage properties and the mechanism...

We derive the curvature driven flow of closed-loop pore structures which arise a quasi-stationary states in the H−1 gradient flow of the Functionalized Cahn-Hilliard free energy which models amphiphilic mixtures. We extend this result to a sharp-interface reduction for the competitive evolution of disjoint collections of bilayer interfaces and closed-loop pores. In particular, for a mixture of ...