An enormous dissipation of the order of 2 kJ/L takes place during the natural mixing process of fresh river water entering the salty sea. “Capacitive mixing” is a promising technique to efficiently harvest this energy in an environmentally clean and sustainable fashion. This method has its roots in the ability to store a very large amount of electric charge inside supercapacitor or battery elec...

The synthesis and physicochemical properties of hydrogels with interpenetrated physical chemical networks were considered in relation to their prospective application as biomimetic materials biomedicine bioengineering. study was focused on combined based natural polysaccharide—calcium alginate (CaAlg) a synthetic polymer–polyacrylamide (PAAm). series varying proportions among polyacrylamide hav...

Brain tissue swelling is a dangerous consequence of traumatic injury and is associated with raised intracranial pressure and restricted blood flow. We consider the mechanical effects that drive swelling of brain tissue slices in an ionic solution bath, motivated by recent experimental results that showed that the volume change of tissue slices depends on the ionic concentration of the bathing s...

(The diagram gives, however, no indication of the hydrostatic pressure due to the liquid in the manometer tube, which is a necessary condition for equilibrium. For further details of the experiments Loeb's original papers and book s may be consulted.) AH and BH represent hydrogen electrodes; AK and BK, calomel electrodes connected to the solutions by saturated KC1. Loeb measured the potential d...

Lacunes are small deep infarcts which cavitate, producing “lacunes” (French for lake).1 “Lacunar infarcts” have been thought of as strokes caused by intrinsic disease of small vessels called lipohyalinosis, resulting from hypertension2 and diabetes.3 Contrary to this established dogma, the literature demonstrates that emboli are the cause of lacunes. Almost all of the histopathological evaluati...

Measurements were made of electromotive force in the Donnan equilibrium of systems containing dilute solutions of protein and acid. Removal of the membrane produced a decrease of no more than 2 to 4 mv. in electromotive force, while the membrane potentials, as estimated by the usual arbitrary assumption, were of the order of 12 to 34 mv. Ion ratios, as calculated from analyses for total chlorid...