Microorganisms are capable of communication and cooperation to perform social activities. Cooperation can be enforced using kind discrimination mechanisms in which individuals preferentially help or punish others, depending on genetic relatedness only at certain loci. In the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, genetically identical asexual spores (germlings) communicate and fuse in a highly r...

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations – mainly of terrestrial origin – are increasing worldwide in inland waters. Heterotrophic bacteria are the main consumers of DOC and thus determine DOC temporal dynamics and availability for higher trophic levels. Our aim was to study bacterial carbon (C) turnover with respect to DOC quantity and chemical quality using both allochthonous and autocht...

1. We estimated uptake of stream water dissolved organic carbon (DOC) through a wholestream addition of a C-DOC tracer coupled with laboratory measurements of bioavailability of the tracer and stream water DOC. 2. The tracer, a leachate of C-labelled tree tissues, was added to the head waters of White Clay Creek, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., over a 2-h period and followed 1.27 km downstream to generat...

[1] We investigated how the source and chemical character of aquatic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) change over the course of the runoff season (May–November, 1999) in Green Lakes Valley, a high-elevation ecosystem in the Front Range of the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Samples were collected on North Boulder Creek from four sites across an alpine/subalpine ecotone in order to understand how the tr...

19-Nor-deoxycorticosterone (19-nor-DOC), a hypertensinogenic mineralocorticoid, equipotent with aldosterone and independent of the renin-angiotensin system, is synthesized in the kidney and excreted in excess in the urine of patients with aldosterone-producing adenomas. This current study evaluated the adrenal and renal venous levels of aldosterone and 19-nor-DOC after adrenal and renal venous ...

Bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems (or "addiction modules") typically facilitate cell survival during intervals of stress by inducing a state of reversible growth arrest. However, upon prolonged stress, TA toxin action leads to cell death. TA systems have also been implicated in several clinically important phenomena: biofilm formation, bacterial persistence during antibiotic treatment, and...

We present a fast online solver for large scale parametric max-flow problems as they occur in portfolio optimization, inventory management, computer vision, and logistics; •Our algorithm solves an integer linear program in an online fashion; • It exploits total unimodularity of the constraint matrix and a Lagrangian relaxation to solve the problem as a convex online game; • The algorithm genera...

Over the past quarter-century, many covariates of divorce have been identified. However, the extent to which the effects of these covariates remain constant across time is not known. In this article, I examine the stability of the effects of a wide range of divorce covariates using a pooled sample of data taken from five rounds of the National Survey of Family Growth. This sample includes consi...

To cite: Gould G, Nilforooshan R. BMJ Innov 2016;2:109–110. The first smartphone was launched only 8 years ago and already in that time enormous advances have been made in mobile phone technology. It is now possible to transmit a myriad of data forms at the touch of a button, such as pictures, videos and Global Position System coordinates. It is estimated that, in the UK, approximately 72% of t...

The production of dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) in freshwater lakes is induced by solar radiation and is also thought to be linked to processes mediated by dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Studies investigating these processes using comparisons between lakes are often confounded by differences in DOC content and structure. In this study, we investigated the link between DOC concentrations and ...