We have measured the gene-specific and strand-specific DNA repair of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in the p53 tumor suppressor gene in a normal, repair-proficient human fibroblast strain and in fibroblasts from a patient with the repair deficient disorder xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XP-C). In both cell strains, repair was measured in the p53 ...

Repair of mutagen-induced DNA lesions during transportation, storage and cultivation of lymphocytes may have a significant impact on results obtained in human biomonitoring after occupational and environmental exposure of human populations to genotoxic chemicals. Using the comet assay in combination with the repair inhibitor aphidicolin and array gene expression analysis of 92 DNA repair genes,...

FOXP3 is an X-linked tumor suppressor gene and a master regulator in T regulatory cell function. This gene has been found to be mutated frequently in breast and prostate cancers and to inhibit tumor cell growth, but its functional significance in DNA repair has not been studied. We found that FOXP3 silencing stimulates homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair and also repair of γ-irradiatio...

PURPOSE To test the ability of murine retinal nuclear extracts to support in vitro oligonucleotide-mediated gene repair (OMGR)-a prerequisite to repairing endogenous gene lesions underlying inherited diseases of the neurosensory retina. METHODS An in vitro reaction assayed whether retinal extract and oligonucleotides could correct a mutation in an antibiotic (tetracycline) resistance gene in ...

Oxidative stress is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We determined the extent of oxidative DNA damage and the kinetics of its removal as well as the genotypes of the Ser326Cys polymorphism of the hOGG1 gene in lymphocytes of 30 wet AMD patients and 30 controls. Oxidative DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide and its repair were evaluated by...

Background: Impaired DNA repair mechanism is one of the main causes of tumor genesis. Study of intrinsic radiosensitivity of cancer patients in a non-target tissue (e.g. peripheral blood) might show the extent of DNA repair deficiency of cells in affected individuals and might be used a predictor of cancer predisposition. Methods: Initial radiation-induced DNA damage (ratio of Tail DNA/Head DN...

among the lesions induced by chemotherapeutic drugs, dna double-strand breaks (dsb) are considered the most serious ones that can result in cell death, if it is not properly repaired. homologous recombination (hr) pathway is the main system for dsb repair and xrcc3 has a key role in this pathway. protein activity can be affected by the xrcc3 polymorphism. thus, in this study, the association be...

The repair of point mutations can be directed by modified single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides and regulated by cellular activities including homologous recombination, mismatch repair and transcription. Now, we report that DNA replication modulates the gene repair process by influencing the frequency with which either DNA strand is corrected. An SV40-virus-based system was used to investigate t...

Experts’ summary: In this paper, Pritchard and colleagues tried to ascertain the spectrum and prevalence of germ-line DNA repair gene mutations in metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) by next-generation sequencing. They enrolled a total of 692 patients with metastatic PCa; no selection was based on family history, age, or any knowledge of genetic background. Of the 692 men evaluated, 82 (11.8%) had...

To deal with different kinds of DNA damages, there are a number of repair pathways that must be carefully orchestrated to guarantee genomic stability. Many proteins that play a role in DNA repair are involved in multiple pathways and need to be tightly regulated to conduct the functions required for efficient repair of different DNA damage types, such as double strand breaks or DNA crosslinks c...