abstract soil invertebrate and their spatial pattern are affected strongly by environmental factors. spatial variability of soil properties is one of the most important reasons of the macrofauna variability. this study was conducted to investigate the spatial variability of soil properties and soil macrofauna biomass in the riparian forest landscape of karkhe river. soil macro fauna were sample...

Conjecture number 747 of Graffiti (circa 1992) states that the average distance of a simple, connected graph is not more than half the maximum order of an induced bipartite subgraph. Recently, P. Hansen et al. settled this conjecture by showing that the average distance is not more than half the maximum order of an induced forest. Moreover, they conjectured that the average distance is not more...

In the lowland tropical rain forest of central Amazonia, I investigated the responses of understory bird communities to forest edges bordering a narrow (<40 m width), unpaved road. From 3681 mist-net captures, bird abundance and composition were examined at three distances (10, 70, and 130 m) from forest edge. The degree to which regrowth vegetation along forest borders reduced edge effects was...

So profoundly has this river modified the effects of the general grassland climate that in many places prairie has given way to woodland and forest. Several distinct forest communities along the river in southeastern Nebraska and adjacent parts of Kansas, Missouri, and Iowa extend for short distances over the uplands, but farther along the major streams. Most of the trees and shrubs of this for...

The two-note fee-bee song of male black-capped chickadees functions during the dawn chorus, in part, as a sexual signal across large distances. How song structuremight encode information about male quality, however, remains unclear. We studied the availability of cues to male social rank (a proxy indicator of male quality), within the acoustic structure of dawn chorus songs of male chickadees w...

The Carajás National Forest contains some of the largest iron ore deposits in the world. The majority of the minerals are found below a plant community known as Savana Metalófila, or "Canga", which represents only 3% of the landscape within the Carajás National Forest (CNF). The aim of our study was to understand the diversity of community of non-volant small mammals in the two predominant vege...

three k-tree distance and fixed-sized plot designs were used for estimating tree density in sparse oak forests. these forests cover the main part of the zagros mountain area in western iran. they are non-timber-oriented forest but important for protection purposes. the main objective was to investigate the statistical performance of k-tree distance and fixed-sized plot designs in the estimation...

Forest succession on degraded tropical lands often is slowed by impoverished seed banks and low rates of seed dispersal. Within degraded landscapes, remnant forests are potential seed sources that could enhance nearby forest succession. The spatial extent that forest can influence succession, however, remains largely unstudied. In abandoned agricultural lands in Kibale National Park, Uganda, re...

Meteorological simulation tools to model gas exchange phenomena within forests require well defined information of forest structure (e.g., 3D forest models) as a basis for the computation of the turbulent flow shaped by the drag of the vegetation. The paper describes techniques to obtain 3D data describing forest stands from dense terrestrial laser scanner point clouds. In a first step, stems a...

Edge effects represent an inevitable and important consequence of habitat loss and fragmentation. These effects include changes in microclimate, solar radiation, or temperature. Such abiotic effects can, in turn, impact biotic factors. They can have a substantial impact on species, communities, and ecosystems. Here we examine clinal variations in stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values for tr...