We describe two new species, Austrognathia glandifera and Austrognatharia orientis using observations on squeezed, live specimens as well as histological sections and transmission electron microscopy. The protonephridia of Austrognatharia orientis are composed of a terminal cell, a canal cell, and a nephroporus cell. The monociliated terminal cell constitutes the so-called filtration area. The ...

BACKGROUND It concerns an unusual injury which is the result of a violent hyperextension or abduction of the pollex and even less frequently by direct injury. AIM To increase our sensitivity and observation regarding thumb's injuries, because it is possible a fracture of the sesamoid not to be diagnosed. MATERIAL AND METHOD We present a case of an adult man, 35 years old, who suffered a vio...

This study aimed to evaluate whether radiographic abnormalities at yearling sales were associated with the failure to start racing at 2-3 years of age. Radiographic abnormalities in the carpal (n=852), tarsal (n=976), metacarpophalangeal (n=1,055), and metatarsophalangeal joints (n=1,031) from 1,082 horses, recorded at yearling sale, were reviewed. Eighty-two horses (7.6%) failed to start racin...

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Studies on arthroscopic removal of apical proximal sesamoid fracture fragments in Thoroughbred (TB) horses age > or = 2 years have reported a high success rate. However, there are no reports documenting the racing prognosis of TB horses that undergo such surgery as weanlings or yearlings. OBJECTIVES To describe the incidence of apical proximal sesamoid fractures i...

A prospective trial is reported which compares distal osteotomy of the first metatarsal with Keller's arthroplasty in the treatment of adult hallux valgus. A total of 33 patients attended for review at least three years after operation. Symptomatic improvement, as assessed by patient satisfaction, pain relief, cosmetic improvement and restoration of function, was similar in the two groups. Obje...

The correction of a hallux valgus deformity with a proximal 1(st) metatarsal osteotomy and distal soft tissue repair is achieved with a three-incision technique. A lateral soft tissue release and reconstruction at the first metatarsophalangeal joint releases contracted structures including the lateral capsule, the transverse inter-metatarsal ligament and the conjoint adductor tendon. Rarely is ...

Background: The navicular syndrome may be associated with alterations in other podotrochlear apparatus components, such as the deep digital flexor tendon, collareral sesamoid and distal ligaments, bursa bone. However, clinical significance nature of these changes are not well understood, many descriptive reports about bone lesions rarely accompanied by a complete comprehensive comparison animal...

Echinoaesalus chungi Huang & Chen, new species is described from Pingtung, Taiwan. It is the second species of the tribe Aesalini known from Taiwan. This new species is similar to the Bornean species Echinoaesalus arayai Huang & Imura, 2011, but can be distinguished mainly by the smaller size of the entire body, the laterally hooked sulcus on mentum of male, the separated sulci on mentum of fem...

In lizards, distinct patterns of the tendinous structures associated with the forearm flexors have been described. In most lizards, the m. flexor digitorum longus ends in a tendinous plate with an embedded sesamoid, from which tendons run to the terminal phalanx of each digit. This structure is known as the flexor plate. In many polychrotid lizards, however, the flexor digitorum longus muscle i...