Early diabetic neuropathy is characterized by loss of unmyelinated axons, resulting in pain, numbness, and progressive decline in intraepidermal nerve fiber density. Patients with type 2 diabetes, without neuropathy, were assigned to quarterly lifestyle counseling (N = 40) or structured, supervised weekly exercise (N = 60) for 1 year. Distal leg IENFD significantly increased in the exercise coh...

BACKGROUND The reversed sural artery flap is a well-described method for lower limb reconstruction. However, in the standard technique, the flap is usually not harvested from the proximal third of the leg. We conducted this study to evaluate the efficiency, safety, and success rate of the reversed sural flap harvested from the proximal third of the leg. METHODS The authors harvested medium to...

Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following case. A 21-year-old man presents with worsening right knee pain after a minor twisting injury playing basketball 3 months ago. The patient reports increased swelling along the posterior aspect of his knee and generalized leg edema on the right side. His pain is exacerbated by weight-bearing activities and deep knee flexion. The patient denies night pain,...

We describe the expression pattern of Gryllus homothorax (Gbhth) and dachshund (Gbdac), a cricket homologue of Drosophila homothorax and dachshund, together with localization of Distal-less or Extradenticle protein during leg development. We correlated their expression patterns with the morphological segmentation of the leg bud. The boundary of Gbhth/GbDll subdivision is correlated with the seg...

OBJECTIVE A hemisplit turndown tibialis anterior muscle flap is described for coverage of distal leg wounds with preservation of active extensor function for open wounds of the distal ankle is presented. This is a new flap not previously described and is another local option for coverage of selected distal leg wounds. METHODS A description of the operative procedure and a clinical successful ...

The morphological diversification of appendages represents a crucial aspect of animal body plan evolution. The arthropod antenna and leg are homologous appendages, thought to have arisen via duplication and divergence of an ancestral structure (Snodgrass, R. (1935) Book Principles of Insect Morphology. New York: McGraw-Hill). To gain insight into how variations between the antenna and the leg m...

This paper investigates how the passive adaptability of an underactuated robot leg to uneven terrain is affected by variations in design parameters. In particular, the joint torque coupling ratio, segment length ratio, and rest angles are varied to determine configurations that allow for maximum terrain roughness adaptability while minimizing the transmission of disturbance forces to the body. ...

The temporal sequence of mechanoreceptor input arriving at the motoneuron level in the central nervous system (CNS) after distal mechanical contact was studied for the locust middle leg. Different types of afferent information from potential contact areas after selective stimulation showed propagation times of no less than 8 ms from mechanosensory hairs, campaniform sensilla (CS) and spurs of t...