abstract governing was disorganized for years, when mongols attached to iran and it caused to clearing way for interference of mongols princes. dispatching of holaku to the west culminated in establishing iilkhanan government. holakus activities in destruction of abbaasis government and activities which shows his staying in iran, made force oulus juji to comparison against iilkhanis gover...

  The European ::::union:::: council in 23 January of 2012 ,in direction to aggravate economic sanctions against Islamic Republic of Iran ,decided to enact further economic restrictions against this country in energy section such as importing oil from Iran to the state members of European ::::union:::: ,in financial section against central bank of Iran, in transportation section and also agains...

abstract global financial crisis has created too many problems in relations among governments. among these problems, the issue of global monetary management, more than every time in the past four decades, has been moved in the center of international economic attentions. a problem which is specially known with the monetary hostility between united states and public republic of china. where ar...

abstract the problems caused by the traditional system of criminal justice (which are based on remuneration and rehabilitation) such as, lack of attention to victim’s rights and position and society, underlie the emergence of restorative justice which had the victim-centered perspective, with respect to the role of the offender and participation of civil society. meanwhile, criminal mediation ...

With the victory of Islamic revolution, Iran's inclination toward the application of principlist attitudes in tension filled international arenas as a battlefield to secure national interests based on usually material attitudes created different challenges for Islamic republic of Iran. To resolve problems that occurred in domestic and foreign arenas, Imam Khomeini considered efforts to preserve...